从三重维度看先秦儒家心学精髓  

On the Essence of Confucian Mind School in the Pre-Qin Period From Three Dimensions

作　　者：涂可国[1] TU Ke-guo(International Confucian Centre of Study and Exchange,Shandong Academy of Social Sciences,Ji’nan 250002,China)

机构地区：[1]山东社会科学院国际儒学研究与交流中心

出　　处：《齐鲁学刊》2019年第5期5-17,共13页Qilu Journal

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“中西伦理学比较视域中的儒家责任伦理思想研究”(14BZX046)

摘　　要：近代以来,国内外学者逐步展开了对先秦儒家心学的研究,许多论著都有涉猎,不过已有研究或是还不够深透、较为零散,或是存在不少误读误解,或是尚未上升到心学的自觉高度,或是未能完全挖掘出它的精义,而有待于进一步深化。先秦儒家心学的精髓主要包括三重维度:一是心学本质论。就先秦儒家的心学本质而言,主要包括用心做事、尽心力而为、我不动心和虚壹而静四方面的要义。二是心学功能论。先秦儒家心性功能论的精髓首先体现为孟子所说的“心官则思”的理念,还展现在荀子阐述的心生有知、心有征知、心可知道、心为形君、心虑善伪、心可制止等一系列理念上。三是心学工夫论。在儒家话语体系中,正心、诚意、尽心、存心、养心、自省、自觉、自得以及不可无耻等,既是儒家的道德工夫论,也是儒家提倡的重要道德责任。The essence of the Pre-Qin Confucian Mind School mainly includes three dimensions. One is the essentialism of Mind School. In terms of the essence of the Pre-Qin Confucian Mind School,it mainly lies in the following four aspects: working with mind,trying one’s best,keeping one’s mind undisturbed and keeping modest,attentive and peaceful. Another is the functionalism of Mind School. The essence of the Pre-Qin Confucian Mind School is firstly reflected in the idea of “the mind is the organ to think” by Mencius. And it also revealed in a series of ideas expounded by Xun Zi,such as the mind is born with a cognitive function,the mind has the rational cognition to verify,distinguish and choose the perceptual knowledge,the mind has the capacity for rational thinking and corresponding moral behavior,the mind determines a person’s appearance,the goodness of mind is acquired by training,and the mind can stop misbehaviors. A third is the Gongfu theory of Mind School. In the Confucian discourse system,the ideas,such as correcting one’s mind,being sincere,being whole-hearted,keeping natural kindness,keeping pure mind,being introspective,being self-consciousness,being self-acquired and never being shameless,are not only Confucian moral Gongfu theory,but also important moral responsibilities advocated by Confucianism.

关 键 词：先秦 儒家 心学 责任 伦理 

分 类 号：B222[哲学宗教—中国哲学]