政府管制下双渠道药品供应链质量控制策略  

The Quality Control Strategy of Dual-channel Drug Supply Chain under Government Regulation

作　　者：荣俊美 朱立龙[2] RONG Jun-mei;ZHU Li-long(School of Business,Shandong Normal University ,Ji'nan 250014 ,China;School of Management,Shandong University,Ji'nan 250100,China)

机构地区：[1]山东师范大学商学院,山东济南250014 [2]山东大学管理学院,山东济南250100

出　　处：《系统工程》2019年第5期99-108,共10页Systems Engineering

基　　金：教育部人文社科基金规划项目(17YJA630147);山东省自然科学基金面上项目(ZR2019MG017);国家社会科学基金重点项目(13AGL012)

摘　　要：药品质量关乎人民健康福祉、社会稳定、经济发展和国家安全,让人民群众用上质优价廉的药品,一直是政府和全社会追求的目标。然而近年来劣质药问题被持续报道,价格高而质量低劣药品普遍存在,药品质量监管与药价调控机制亟需完善。为了研究政府对公立医院药品采购管制和价格管制下药品生产企业的渠道策略与质量策略,引入公立医院集中招标比例、药品最高限价,通过构建Stackelberg博弈模型求解了药品生产企业选择不同渠道时的最优策略;分析了各要素对药品生产企业质量策略的影响,并对不同渠道作出对比分析,研究发现:(1)药品零售价受到政府管制时将压缩药品供应链上劣势参与者的利润,药品生产商利润下降使其最优质量改进努力水平下降,不受限价管制的替代药品会迫使限价药品退出市场;(2)政府扩大公立医院集中采购招标量有利于提升招标吸引力和中标药品质量;(3)除提升药品验收检测率、政府抽检率之外,鼓励药品生产企业选择双渠道策略也有利于药品质量的提升;(4)药品生产企业的渠道策略受公立医院招标量、基本需求量、中标价格、验收检测率等要素的多重影响。最后,利用Matlab 2017仿真分析了各要素影响下药品生产企业选择不同渠道的最优质量努力水平和最大利润,为药品供应链主体的策略选择和政府管制策略提出了建议。The quality of drugs is related to people’s health and well-being, social stability, economic development and national security. It is always the goal pursued by the government and the whole society to let public use high-quality and low-cost drugs. However, in recent years, inferior drug problems have been continuously reported. High-priced and low-quality drugs are widespread, and drug quality regulation and drug price regulation mechanisms need to be improved. In order to study the channel strategy and quality strategy of pharmaceutical manufacturers under the government’s drug procurement control in public hospitals and drug price control, this paper introduces the proportion of centralized bidding of public hospitals and the maximum price of medicines, and builds the Stackelberg game model to solve the optimal strategy for drug manufacturers to choose different channels;analyzed the influence of each factor on the quality strategy of pharmaceutical production enterprises, and makes a comparative analysis of different channels. The research has found that:(1) When the retail price of a drug is controlled by the government, it will reduce the profit of the inferior subject in the drug supply chain, and the decline in the profit of the drug producers have led to a decline in the level of best quality improvement efforts, alternative drugs that are not subject to price controls will force limit drugs to exit the market;(2) The expansion of the centralized procurement bidding of public hospitals is conducive to enhancing the attractiveness of bidding and the quality of the bid-winning drug;(3) In addition to improving the acceptance rate of drugs and the rate of government sampling, encouraging drug manufacturers to choose a dual-channel strategy is also conducive to the improvement of drug quality;(4) The channel strategy of pharmaceutical manufacturers is affected by the multiple factors such as the number of public hospitals, the basic demand, the winning bid price, and the acceptance rate. Finally, we use

关 键 词：政府管制 药品供应链 质量控制 STACKELBERG博弈 仿真分析 

分 类 号：F272[经济管理—企业管理]