山地果园植保技术与装备研究进展  

Research Progress on Plant Protection Technology and Equipment in Mountainous Orchard

作　　者：宋淑然[1,2] 李琨 孙道宗 洪添胜[1,4] 李震 Song Shuran;Li Kun;Sun Daozong;Hong Tiansheng;Li Zhen(South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China;Guangdong Engineering ResearchCenter for Monitoring Agricultural Information,Guangzhou 510642,China;Guangdong ModernAgricultural Science and Technology Innovation Center for Intelligent Orchard,Guangzhou 510642,China;Key Laboratory of Key Technology on Agricultural Machine and Equipment,Ministry of Education,Guangzhou 510642,China;Division of Citrus Machinery,China Agriculture Research System,Guangzhou 510642,China)

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学,广东广州510642 [2]广东省智慧果园科技创新中心,广东广州510642 [3]广东省农情信息监测工程技术研究中心,广东广州510642 [4]南方农业机械与装备关键技术教育部重点实验室,广东广州510642 [5]国家柑橘产业技术体系机械化研究室,广东广州510642

出　　处：《现代农业装备》2019年第5期2-9,共8页Modern Agricultural Equipment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目（31671591）;广东省现代农业产业技术体系创新团队建设专项资金（2019KJ108）;广东省农业厅2018年省级乡村振兴战略专项资金（粤财农[2018]125号）;广东省科技发展专项资金（2017A020208049）;现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金（CARS-27）

摘　　要：我国山区与丘陵的面积占全国国土面积的65%左右。山地果园矮化密植水平低,病虫害诱导率高,喷施化学农药仍然是病虫害防治的主要方法。选择适宜的施药机械方式,不仅可以节省果园生产成本,提高水果品质,也有利于果园的绿色可持续发展。在劳动力不断减少和人工成本不断攀升的趋势下,果园只有大面积采用机械化作业,才能在未来的竞争中生存。为此,研究适用于山地果园农药喷施作业的省力化及自动化装备具有广阔的应用前景。本文重点介绍适用于山地果园植保作业的遥控喷雾、管道恒压喷雾、管道顺序自动喷雾及搭载于运输轨道上的喷雾技术及装备,指出在我国山地果园实现植保机械化进程中,千园千样与果树种植模式不统一是造成植保装备研发投入高、周期长及造价高等问题的主要原因,提出山地果园果树宜机化栽培,研发、推广应用先进适用的装备,是加快山地果园植保机械化的有效途径。The mountainous and hilly areas account for about 65% of the China's land area.Low level of dwarfing dense planting and high induction rate of pests make spraying chemical pesticide is still the main solution for pest control in mountainous orchards.Choosing the suitable machinery or means can not only saves the production cost of the orchard,improves the quality of the fruit,but also benefits the green sustainable development of the orchard.Given the decreasing labor force and rising cost in labor market,utilization of mechanized operations on a large scale is the only way in future to survive the competition.Therefore,the study of labor-saving and automated equipment for spraying in mountainous orchards is with broad application prospects.This paper mainly introduced spraying technology and equipment of remote-control sprayer which adapt to plant protection operations for mountainous orchard,the pipeline constant pressure spraying,the pipeline automatic spray system and the sprayer applied to the transport track.It indicated the main reason for the high investment,long cycle and high equipment cost among mechanization process of plant protection in China's mountainous orchards is there are thousands of patterns for cultivating.To effectively accelerate the mechanization of plant protection in mountain orchards,the paper presented a solution that mountainous orchard should be mechanized and cultivated suitably.

关 键 词：山地果园 喷雾技术与装备 植保机械化 宜机化 

分 类 号：S49[农业科学—植物保护]