蔬菜移栽机气吹振动复合式取苗机构设计与试验  

Design and Experiment of Seedlings Unloading Mechanism Based on Methods of Air-blowing and Vibration for Vegetable Transplanter

作　　者：袁挺[1] 王栋[1] 文永双 祝嗣朔 陈英[1] 谭豫之[1] YUAN Ting;WANG Dong;WEN Yongshuang;ZHU Sishuo;CHEN Ying;TAN Yuzhi(College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学工学院

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2019年第10期80-87,共8页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0701300)

摘　　要：针对我国全自动蔬菜移栽机取苗、投苗机构复杂等问题,设计了一种蔬菜移栽机气吹振动复合式取苗机构及其配套苗盘。设计的取苗机构主要由送苗装置、振动装置和气吹装置等组成,各部分配合完成自动取苗、投苗工作。构建了振动过程中苗盘与钵苗的动力学模型,通过分析钵苗取苗条件,求解出振动过程中影响取苗成功率的3个主要参数:振动频率、振幅以及钵苗基质含水率。综合考虑振动与气吹相结合的取苗方式,以取苗成功率、基质破损率作为取苗效果评价指标,选取钵苗基质含水率、振动器振动频率、吹气气压为试验因素,进行多目标正交试验。试验结果表明:在给定因素水平下,当钵苗含水率为55%、振动器振动频率为36 Hz、吹气气压为0.45 MPa时,取苗效果最佳,此时取苗成功率为92%,基质破损率为3.46%。In order to improve the complicated seedling picking and throwing mechanisms of domestic vegetable transplanter, an air-blowing combined with vibration type seedlings unloading mechanism was designed based on a modified seedling tray at first. And the designed mechanism was composed of three main parts which were feeding device, vibrating device and air-blowing device and each part was cooperated to complete the automatic picking up and delivering seedings work. After that, the dynamic models of seedling and seedling tray were established during the seedlings unloading process. Through analyzing the models, the frequency of vibration, the amplitude of vibration and the water content rate of substrate were three main influence parameters which had effects on success rate of seedlings unloading. Furthermore, a multi-objective orthogonal test was performed considering the vibrating device and air-blowing device comprehensively. The success rate of seedlings unloading and the damage rate of substrate were chosen as the evaluation indexes, meanwhile the water content rate of substrate, the frequency of vibration and the air pressure were selected as the experimental factors. And the results indicated that when the water content rate was 55%, the vibration frequency was 36 Hz and the air pressure was 0.45 MPa, which were the best combination factors, led to a satisfactory result with 92% of success rate and 3.46% of damage rate. The result was able to provide a reference for automated transplanter.

关 键 词：移栽 穴盘苗 振动 气吹取苗 

分 类 号：S223.92[农业科学—农业机械化工程]