黑水虻油替代豆油对草鱼生长性能、抗氧化能力和肠道菌群的影响  

Effects of replacing soybean oil with black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae oil on the growth performance, antioxidant ability and intestinal microbiota of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)

作　　者：陈延娜 卢荣华 杨国坤 张玉茹 秦超彬 吉红[2] 聂国兴 CHEN Yanna;LU Ronghua;YANG Guokun;ZHANG Yuru;QIN Chaobin;JI Hong;NIE Guoxing(College of Fisheries,Henan Normal University,Xinxiang 453007,China;College of Animal Science and Technology,Northwest A & F University,Yangling 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]河南师范大学水产学院,河南新乡453007 [2]西北农林科技大学动物科技学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《水产学报》2019年第10期2241-2255,共15页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31402311,31672671,31872581);NSFC-河南联合基金(U1704109);河南省重点科技攻关项目(国家科技合作领域)(182102410031)~~

摘　　要：为研究黑水虻油替代豆油在草鱼生产实践中的效果,本实验以黑水虻油替代草鱼基础饲料中0(SO)、25%(BSO25)、50%(BSO50)、75%(BSO75)和100%(BSO100)的豆油并配制成5种等氮等脂的饲料,饲喂草鱼[初始体质量(13.37±1.07 g)]56 d后检测生长性能、体成分、血清生化指标、抗氧化能力、肠道和肝脏组织结构及肠道菌群组成等变化。结果显示,各组之间草鱼增重率(WGR)、特定生长率(SGR)、饲料系数(FCR)、肥满度(CF)、脏体比(VSI)和肝体比(HSI)变化均不显著。与SO组相比,BSO25和BSO50组血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著增加,SM75和SM100组的丙二醛(MDA)含量均显著降低,BSO50、BSO75和BSO100组的过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性均显著上升。BSO100组肝细胞呈现为不规则形状,血清中谷草转氨酶(AST)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)及低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)的水平均显著高于SO组。BSO100组群落多样性指数Sobs、Shannon和丰富度指数Chao、Ace均显著高于SO组。研究表明,在本实验条件下,黑水虻油替代饲料中100%的豆油虽然不会影响草鱼的生长,能提高草鱼抗氧化能力及肠道菌群的丰度和多样性,但在BSO100组中,草鱼肝脏受损,长期饲喂会对机体产生不利影响,因此在草鱼饲料中黑水虻油不应全部替代豆油,建议替代比例不超过75%。In order to study the effects of replacement of soybean oil (SO) with black soldier fly larvae oil (BSO) in grass carp production practice, five isolipidic and isonitrogen experimental diets were formulated by replacing 0%(SO), 25%(BSO25), 50%(BSO50), 75%(BSO75) and 100%(BSO100) of SO with BSO, respectively. After 56 days of feeding, the changes of growth performance, body composition, serum biochemical indexes, antioxidant capacity, intestinal and liver tissue structure, and intestinal microbiota of grass carp were detected. The results showed that there were no significant differences in WGR, FCR, SGR, VSI, CF and HSI among the treatment groups. Compared with the SO group, the activity of serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) in BSO25 and BSO50 groups was significantly higher, malondialdehyde (MDA) activity in BSO75 and BSO100 groups was significantly decreased, and the catalase (CAT) activity was significantly increased in BSO50, BS075 and BSFO100 groups. The morphology of liver cells in BSO100 group was mostly of irregular shape, with unclear boundaries between cells. The enzyme activity of AST, ALT and LDL-C in serum was significantly higher than that of SO group. The community diversity indexes Sobs, Shannon and the richness indexes Chao, Ace in the BSO100 group were significantly higher than those in the SO group. The results showed that 100% soybean oil replaced by BSO did not affect the growth of grass carp, and it could enhance the antioxidant capacity and the abundance and diversity of intestinal microbiota. However, in group BSO100, the liver was damaged, and long-term feeding will have an adverse effect on the body. Therefore, in the feed, BSO should not completely replace soybean oil. It is suggested that the replacement ratio should not exceed 75%.

关 键 词：草鱼 黑水虻油 豆油 生长性能 抗氧化能力 肠道菌群组成 

分 类 号：S963[农业科学—水产养殖]