济南市居住区采暖季大气PM2.5中碳组分构成及变化分析  

Analysis on the Composition and Change of Carbon Components in PM2.5 of Residential Area in Jinan during Heating Period

作　　者：李恒庆[1] 丁椿 潘光[1] 张桂芹[2] 孙友敏[2] LI Hengqing;DING Chun;PAN Guang;ZHANG Guiqin;SUN Youmin(Shandong Environmental Monitoring Center Station,Jinan 250101,China;School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering,Shandong Jianzhu University,Jinan 250101,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省环境监测中心站,山东济南250101 [2]山东建筑大学市政与环境工程学院,山东济南250101

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2019年第9期1810-1817,共8页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：山东省科技发展计划项目（2014GSF117002）;济南科技计划项目（201302125)

摘　　要：为探究济南市采暖季环境空气中PM2.5中碳组分的污染情况及主要来源,于2017年11月16日-2018年3月31日和2017年11月16日-28日分别进行了居住区和背景区离线颗粒物采样,运用美国沙漠研究所DRIModel2015多波长热/光学碳分析仪对大气PM2.5中碳组分进行了分析。研究结果显示,日均质量浓度ρ(OC)、ρ(EC)和ρ(PM2.5)在居住区为9.26、3.16、85.32μg·m^-3,在背景区为2.88、1.44、59.27μg·m^-3,说明居住区碳组分污染程度明显高于背景区。居住区日均质量浓度最高的碳组分为OC4、OC3和EC2;OC3和OC4日均质量浓度随污染等级从优向重度污染变化的过程逐渐增大,且OC日均质量浓度的变化情况跟OC3和OC4日均质量浓度变化相一致。但OC/PM2.5和EC/PM2.5均随污染等级的加重而呈下降趋势,可见OC和EC并不是济南采暖季重污染天气的控制因子。PMF来源解析结果显示,济南市采暖季居住区碳组分贡献较大的源为燃煤源、汽油车尾气和道路尘。结合碳组分在线监测仪器(美国SUNSET公司,型号RT-4)同期OC和EC质量浓度数据,采用Cabada改进后的方法,计算出SOC和POC质量浓度分别为1.14μg·m^-3和4.69μg·m^-3对采样时间段内一次典型重污染过程进行分析,发现CO、EC、POC等一次污染物的大量排放、不利的气象因素、区域传输等因素共同导致了此次污染过程的的形成。In order to explore the pollution and main sources of carbon components in PM2.5 in ambient air during the heating period in Jinan, off-line particulate matter was sampled from residential and background areas from November 16, 2017 to March 31, 2018 and November 16?28, 2017, respectively. The carbon components of PM2.5 in the atmosphere were analyzed with multi-wavelength thermal/optical carbon analyzer (DRI Model 2015, American Desert Research Institute). The results showed that daily average mass concentrations of ρ(OC),ρ(EC) and ρ(PM2.5) in the residential area were 9.26, 3.16, and 85.32 μg·m^-3, respectively, while in the background area they were 2.88, 1.44, and 59.27 μg·m^-3, respectively, indicating that the pollution of carbon components in the residential area was significantly higher than that in the background area. Daily average mass concentrations of OC4, OC3 and EC2 were the highest among the carbon components in the residential area. Daily average mass concentrations of OC3 and OC4 increased with the change of pollution grade from excellent to severe pollution, and a similar pattern can be observed for OC. However, with the increase of pollution level the ratio of OC/PM2.5 and EC/PM2.5 both showed a downward trend, suggesting that OC and EC were not the control factors for heavy pollution weather during the heating season in Jinan. In addition, the PMF source analysis showed that coal combustion, gasoline vehicle exhaust and road dust were the three major contributors to the carbon composition in the residential area during the heating period in Jinan. Mass concentrations of OC and EC from the carbon component online monitoring instrument (model RT-4, Sunset Lab Inc. America) and the Cabada modified method was used to calculate the mass concentrations of SOC and POC. The results were 1.14 μg·m^-3 and 4.69 μg·m^-3, respectively. With analyzing the typical heavy pollution process from January 19 to 21, 2018 during the sampling period, it was found that the formation of the pollution proce

关 键 词：城市居住区 有机碳(OC) 元素碳(EC) 变化分析 

分 类 号：X131.1[环境科学与工程—环境科学]