施氮对寒地粳稻还田秸秆腐解及养分释放的影响  

Effect of Nitrogen Application on Straw Decomposition and Nutrient Release of Japonica Rice in Cold Region

作　　者：卞景阳 刘琳帅[1] 孙兴荣 曾宪楠[2] 王麒[2] 冯延江[2] Bian Jingyang;Liu Linshuai;Sun Xingrong;Zeng Xiannan;Wang Qi;Feng Yanjiang(Daqing Branch,Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Daqing 163319;Institute of Tillage and Cultivation,Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农业科学院大庆分院,大庆163319 [2]黑龙江省农业科学院耕作栽培研究所

出　　处：《黑龙江八一农垦大学学报》2019年第5期22-28,共7页journal of heilongjiang bayi agricultural university

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项资助项目(201503136)

摘　　要：在秸秆还田条件下,秸秆腐解释放养分同时,存在与植物争氮现象,掌握合理施用氮肥和秸秆腐解规律,对秸秆养分的有效利用有着重要的指导意义。研究在秸秆还田条件下,设定N0,不施N肥;N1,施纯N,130kg·hm^-2,共2个施肥处理方式。研究不同施氮条件下,秸秆中碳、氮、磷、钾4种养分含量随时间变化的释放规律。结果显示,秸秆还田后,2年的腐解速度为慢—快—慢—快的过程。秸秆在冬季几乎不腐解,在生长季呈现第1年快速腐解、第2年缓慢腐解。第1年腐解速度N1>N0。秸秆腐解养分的释放规律,秸秆中总C含量呈现波动下降的趋势;N含量呈现一定波动性;P含量呈现前期快速下降后期平稳的趋势;K素含量呈现前期快速下降后期平稳的趋势。各营养成分释放速度为K>P>N、C。施入氮肥(N1)与不施氮肥(N0)比较,秸秆总N第1年的灌浆期、成熟期N1>N0,差异显著;秸秆C/N第1年,成熟期N1>N0,差异显著。秸秆总C、P、K素含量无明显差异。结果说明,施用氮肥,可促进水稻第1年秸秆腐解,抑制第1年秸秆中N素的释放,未影响其他营养成分的变化。Under the condition of straw returning to the field,straw rot can explain nutrient release,and there is a phenomenon of nitrogen competition with plants.Therefore,it is of great guiding significance to grasp the rational application of nitrogen fertilizer and straw rot law for the effective utilization of straw nutrient.In this study,under the condition of straw mulching,N0 was set and N fertilizer was not applied.N1,pure N,130 kg·hm-2,two fertilization methods.The release of carbon,nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in straw was studied under different nitrogen application conditions.The results showed that the decomposition rate was slow-fast-slow-fast.Straw almost does not decompose in winter,and in the growth season,it presents the rapid decomposition in the first year and the slow decomposition in the second year.The first year's decomposition rate N1>N0.The release law of nutrients in straw decomposition showed that the content of total C in straw fluctuated and decreased.The content of N presents a certain fluctuation;P content showed that a fast decline in the early stage and a stable trend in the later stage.The content of K showed that a rapid decline in the early stage and a stable trend in the later stage.The release rate of each nutrient is K>P>N and C.Nitrogen(N1)Compared with nitrogen(N0),In the first year of grout and mature stage,N1>N0,Significant difference.In the first year of straw C/N,the maturity period was N1>N0,and the difference was significant.There was no significant difference in the total C,P and K contents of straw.The test results showed that the application of nitrogen fertilizer could promote the decomposition of straw in the first year of rice,inhibit the release of N in straw in the first year,and did not affect the changes of other nutrients.

关 键 词：N肥 秸秆还田 养分 

分 类 号：X712[环境科学与工程—环境工程]