不同除草剂防除马铃薯田杂草效果及安全性评价  

Assessment of Effects and Safety of Different Herbicides in Controlling of Weeds in Potato Fields

作　　者：王喜刚[1] 郭成瑾[1] 庞全武 张丽荣[1] 沈瑞清[1] WANG Xi-gang(Institute of Plant Protection,Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Yinchuan,Ningxia 750002)

机构地区：[1]宁夏农林科学院植物保护研究所,宁夏银川750002 [2]永宁县农业综合开发办公室,宁夏永宁750000

出　　处：《宁夏农林科技》2019年第7期21-24,共4页Journal of Ningxia Agriculture and Forestry Science and Technology

基　　金：宁夏回族自治区一二三产业融合发展农业技术推广示范项目(NKYZ16-0104);宁夏农林科学院科技创新先导资金项目(NKYQ-16-03);宁夏回族自治区自然科学基金(NZ16108)

摘　　要：为明确不同除草剂对马铃薯田杂草的防除效果及对马铃薯安全性与产量的影响,选用马铃薯生产中常用的除草剂,在马铃薯4~6叶、杂草2~5叶时采用茎叶施药进行田间药效试验,测定田间杂草防除效果及马铃薯产量。施药30d后,25%砜嘧磺隆和70%嗪草酮对一年生阔叶杂草防效为78.54%和81.59%;15%精喹禾灵和108g/L高效氟吡甲禾灵对一年生禾本科杂草防效为90.53%和93.34%;15%砜嘧·烯草酮和23.2%砜嘧磺隆·嗪草酮·精喹禾灵对禾本科杂草和阔叶杂草总株防效和鲜重防效均在88.11%以上,且具有明显的增产效果,较对照增产5.95%~10.26%。根据田间草相,选择两元或三元复配药剂,能有效防除马铃薯田杂草,实现马铃薯产业提质增效。To discuss the controlling effect of different herbicides on weeds and their influence on the safety and yield in potato fields. We have selected commonly-used herbicides in potato production, have sprayed them on leaves of potato during 4 to 6 leaves period of potato and 2 to 5 leaves period of weeds for efficacy trial in fields, at last we have measured the weed-control effects and potato yield. On 30 d after sprayed, the total control effects of 25% Rimsulfuron and 70% Metribuzin on broadleaf weeds were 78.54% and 81.59%;the total control effects of 15% quizalofop-p-ethyl and 108 g/L haloxyfop-R-methyl on annual gramineous weeds were 90.53% and 93.34%;the total control effects 15% sulfone azoxystrobin·clethodim and 23.2% rimsulfuron·metribuzin·quizalofoppethyl on both gramineous weeds and broadleaf weeds were all beyond 88.11%, moreover with an obvious yield-increasing effect, its yield increaseed by 5.95% to 10.26% in comparison. According to the status of weeds in the field, appling dual or ternary compounding medicament can better control weeds in potato fields and realize the purpose of improving quality and enhancing efficiency of potato industry.

关 键 词：马铃薯 除草剂 防效 安全性 

分 类 号：S451[农业科学—植物保护]