“他者凝视”与“自我镜像”——早期海外华文文学中的欧美华人记述  

“Being Gazed by Others” and “Self-Image”——The Accounts of the European and American Chinese in Early Overseas Chinese Literature

作　　者：袁勇麟[1] Yuan Yonglin

机构地区：[1]福建师范大学文学院

出　　处：《东南学术》2019年第6期189-197,248,共10页Southeast Academic Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“百年海外华文文学研究”(项目编号:11&ZD111)

摘　　要：1840年第一次鸦片战争以后,中国国门被强行打开,移民劳工、留学生、外交官开始主动或被动地大量涉足海外,成为海外华文文学发生的三股动力源,留下了大量的文学作品。晚清欧美华人记述以使臣日记与政府委派的考察人员日记为主,另有少量私人游记及竹枝词;民国时期的欧美华人记述虽仍有许多文学性不强、政经目的明显的考察记,但也出现了大量抒写个人观感且在现代文学史上具有重要意义的文学作品。这些不同时期华文记述中呈现的中西文化比较与思考、华人形象想象与批评,呈现出“他者凝视”对“自我镜像”的深深影响,并使得“自我东方化”民族话语的形成。After the first Opium War in 1840, China was forced open its door, and a large number of migrant workers, students and diplomats began to actively or passively set foot in foreign countries, becoming the three driving forces of overseas Chinese literature with a great deal of literary works. In the late Qing Dynasty, the accounts of Chinese in Europe and America were mainly from the diaries of envoys and government-dispatched visitors with a small number of personal travel notes and love songs;In the Republican period, there were still many visiting records of Chinese in Europe and America with less literariness but more political and economic purposes, whereas there were also a large number of literary works that expressed personal feelings and were of great significance in the history of modern literature. The reflection and comparison of Chinese and Western culture and the imagination and criticism of Chinese image presented in Chinese accounts in different periods have still had a profound impact on our thinking and self-image.

关 键 词：海外华文文学 华人形象 他者凝视 自我镜像 

分 类 号：I206[文学—中国文学]