作物养分管理集成系统研究  

Research on an integrated system for managing crop nutrients

作　　者：马刘正 孙晓全 段铁城[1] 李冬贤 苏睿 杨亚涛 杨张青 胡建东[1,2,4] MA Liuzheng;SUN Xiaoquan;DUAN Tiecheng;LI Dongxian;SU Rui;YANG Yatao;YANG Zhangqing;HU Jiandong(College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450002,China;Henan International Joint Laboratory of Laser Technology in Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450002,China;Henan Institute of Metrology,Zhengzhou 450008,China;State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science,Zhengzhou 450002,China)

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学机电工程学院,河南郑州450002 [2]河南省农业激光技术国际联合实验室,河南郑州450002 [3]河南省计量科学研究院,河南郑州450008 [4]小麦玉米作物学国家重点实验室,河南郑州450002

出　　处：《河南农业大学学报》2019年第5期745-751,758,共8页Journal of Henan Agricultural University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0801204);国家自然科学基金项目(31671581);河南省自然科学基金项目(162300410143)

摘　　要：为了解决作物不同生长阶段养分需求,维持土壤养分供给与作物吸收之间的平衡,从而有效地提高作物产量和品质,提出了作物养分管理集成系统。该系统包括土壤速效氮磷钾养分吸光度检测技术、作物养分反射光谱检测技术和激光诱导击穿光谱养分检测技术,它能够快速检测作物播种前和生长发育过程中土壤养分状况以及作物植株养分丰缺状况。结果表明,作物养分管理集成系统中土壤速效氮磷钾吸光度法测量结果与碱解扩散法测量土壤速效氮,钼锑抗比色法测量土壤速效磷和火焰光度法测量土壤速效钾的相关系数分别为0.888 2、0.908 4和0.847 4;水稻叶反射光谱与土壤作物分析仪SPAD(Soil-plant analysis development,SPAD)测试值相比,相关性系数为0.901 6;激光诱导击穿光谱获得的土壤钾谱线强度与火焰光度法钾测试结果相关系数为0.808 5。应用"3414"试验方案研究了玉米氮磷钾养分丰缺指标,建立了土壤养分和目标产量之间的关系式,为作物养分管理提出了一种解决方案。An integrated system for managing crop nutrients was proposed to meet the nutrient requirement of crops at different growth stages, to maintain the balance between soil nutrient supply and crop absorption, and to effectively improve the crop yield and quality. This integrated system, consisting of absorption spectroscopy technology for soil available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient, reflectance spectroscopy technology for chlorophyll detection, and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy technology for monitoring soil nutritional elements and chlorophyll content during the crop growth process, can quickly detect soil nutrient status and plant nutrient abundance and deficiency status before planting and during growth and development of crops. The results showed that the correlation coefficients between the absorption spectroscopies and the laboratory-based methods including the alkali dispersion method for measuring available nitrogen, molybdenum-antimony colorimetry for measuring available phosphorus and flame photometry for measuring available potassium in soil were 0.888 2, 0.908 4 and 0.847 4, respectively. In comparison with SPAD values for chlorophyll content, a correlation coefficient of 0.901 6 from the reflectance spectroscopy of rice leaves was obtained. And a correlation coefficient of 0.808 5 was found between the flame photometer and the laser induced breakdown spectroscopy. The “3 414” experiment scheme was applied to study the index of N, P and K nutrient abundance and deficiency in maize, and the relationship between the soil nutrient and the target yield was established, which provided a solution for crop nutrient management.

关 键 词：作物养分 管理集成系统 检测 最佳养分条件 

分 类 号：S24[农业科学—农业电气化与自动化]