云南省贫困、偏远、少数民族聚集地区癌症相关危险因素现状调查  

Cancer-related Risk Factors in Remote and Minority Areas of Yunnan Province

作　　者：吴夕 徐婷婷 沈丽达[1] 谢琳[1] 胡凤娣[1] 龙庭凤[1] 董坚[1] WU Xi;XU Tingting;SHEN Li-da;XIE Lin;HU Feng-di;LONG Ting-feng;DONG Jian(The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University,Yunnan Cancer Hospital,Kunming Yunnan 650118,Chian)

机构地区：[1]昆明医科大学第三附属医院云南省肿瘤医院

出　　处：《昆明医科大学学报》2019年第10期77-80,共4页Journal of Kunming Medical University

基　　金：昆明市科技计划资助项目（昆科计字2015-1-S-00901）

摘　　要：目的 了解云南省贫困、偏远、少数民族聚集地区肿瘤相关危险因素,为肿瘤的预防及早诊早治提供依据。方法 采用面对面问卷调查,对饮食习惯、生活环境、生活方式和习惯、心理和情绪、疾病既往史、癌症家族史、女性生理和生育史等信息进行统计描述。结果 共调查4个县,12个民族,274份问卷,在饮食习惯方面,饮食结构中新鲜水果及蔬菜较少,进食红肉较多,占总调查人群的比例分别为51.1%、37.2%及45.2%;在生活环境、方式和习惯方面,调查显示空气污染及吸入二手烟问题比较突出,占65.7%和48.9%;在心理和情绪方面,近年来接受较大的精神创伤者及近年来较长时间处于精神压抑状态者占12.8%和20.4%,比例较高;疾病既往史及体检情况方面,大部分人群未进行过乙肝表面抗原检测及未进行过粪便潜血试验检测,占68.2%和90.5%。结论 结合农村及少数民族的经济状况及文化背景,健康教育和科普宣传,改善生态环境及控制烟草以及开展免费乙肝表面抗原检测及粪便潜血试验等建议可为开展符合少数民族的经济状况、高效经济的癌症筛查和早诊早治之路做准备。Objective To investigate the cancer-related risk factors and provide evidence for the prevention and early diagnosis and treatment of tumors in poverty-stricken, remote and ethnic minority areas in Yunnan province. Me thods We statistically described the information of dietary habits, living environments, life styles and habits, psychology and emotion, disease histories, family history of cancer, female physiological and reproductive history by using face-to-face questionnaire. Re s ults We collected 274 questionnaires in 4 counties and12 ethnic groups. In terms of dietary habits, there were less fresh fruits and vegetables and more red meat in the diet structure,accounting for 51.1%,37.2% and 45.2%,respectively. In terms of living environments,lifestyles and habits,the survey showed that air pollution and second-hand smoking were serious problems,accounting for 65.7%and 48.9% respectively. In terms of psychology and emotion,patients who received relatively large mental injuries and had been in mental depression for a long time in recent years accounted for 12.8% and 20.4% respectively. In terms of disease history and physical examination, the majority of the population did not receive hepatitis B surface antigen test and fecal occult blood test, accounting for 68.2% and 90.5% respectively. Conclus ion Considering the economic situation and cultural background of rural and ethnic minorities,health education and popular science propaganda,ecological environment improvement and tobacco control,free hepatitis B surface antigen test and fecal occult blood test should be popularized and should be given a early preparation. Economical cancer screening in accordance with the economic status of the minority groups and early diagnosis-early treatment policy should be employed in those poverty-stricken, remote and ethnic minority areas.

关 键 词：少数民族 癌症 危险因素 

分 类 号：R730.2[医药卫生—肿瘤]