氮磷钾配比施肥对紫花苜蓿草产量及品质的影响  

Effects of N, P and K Fertilizer on Alfalfa Hay Yield and Quality

作　　者：何飞 赵忠祥[2] 康俊梅[1] 龙瑞才[1] 吕会刚[1] 杨青川[1] 张铁军[1] HE Fei;ZHAO Zhong-xiang;KANG Jun-mei;LONG Rui-cai;LV Hui-gang;YANG Qing-chuan;ZHANG Tie-jun(Institute of Animal Sciences,CAAS,Beijing,100193;Vocational College of Technology,Cangzhou,061001,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所,北京100193 [2]沧州市农林科学院,河北沧州061001

出　　处：《中国草地学报》2019年第5期24-32,共9页Chinese Journal of Grassland

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项“苜蓿高效种植技术研究与示范”(201403048);国家牧草产业技术体系(CARS-34);河北省现代农业产业技术体系草业创新团队栽培与信息化管理技术岗位(HBCT2018160202);中国农业科学院科技创新工程协同创新任务(CAAS-XTCX2016011-01-03)

摘　　要：为了探寻紫花苜蓿种植的最适养分施用量及最佳施肥方案,提高牧草的生产性能及其营养品质,为紫花苜蓿实际生产提供技术指导。于2015和2016年在河北沧州应用“3414”试验设计,以华北地区推广的中苜3号紫花苜蓿为材料,研究了氮、磷、钾肥不同施肥配比对紫花苜蓿产量以及营养品质的影响,并探讨了该区域的推荐施肥量。结果表明,不同的施肥量对产量的影响很大,少施肥或者过量施肥都可以影响产量;与未施肥的对照相比,施以不同数量的氮、磷、钾对苜蓿的产量和品质均有显著影响;影响中苜3号紫花苜蓿干草产量高低顺序依次为磷肥>氮肥>钾肥。其中,处理12(N1P1K2)组合两年的产量均为最高,分别为9848.0kg/hm^2和14545.4kg/hm^2,较对照分别增产28.89%和20.37%。本研究得出最佳施肥组合为:施N5.0kg/hm^2、P30.0kg/hm^2、K180.0kg/hm^2,为黄淮海地区类似气候土壤条件下紫花苜蓿草田的合理施肥提供了科学依据和实际生产指导。To provide technical guidance for the alfalfa production and improve the production performance and nutritional quality of alfalfa,the optimal nutrient application and fertilization scheme of alfalfa cultivation was explored in this study.Using 3414 quadratic regression optimum design,a field experiment was conducted in 2015 and 2016 to study the effects of different N,P and K fertilizer ratios on alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.cv.Zhongmu No.3) hay yield and quality in Cangzhou area of Hebei Province,which would provide a recommended fertilization amount in this place.The results showed that different amount of N,P and K had significant effects on the yield and quality of alfalfa compared to the unfertilized control group.The rank of effects on Zhongmu No.3 hay yield was phosphorus>potassium>nitrogen.The optimum combination of N 5.0kg/hm^2,P2O5 30.0kg/hm^2 and K 2O 180.0kg/hm^2 obtained the highest yields,which were 9848.0kg/hm^2 and 14545.4kg/hm^2 in 2015 and 2016,respectively.Of all treatments,treatment 12 (N1P1K2) had the highest production in 2015 and 2016,which were 9848.0kg/hm^2 and 14545.4kg/hm^2,respectively.The yield increased by 28.89% and 20.37%,respectively,compared with the control group.In conclusion,applying N 5.0kg/hm^2,P 30.0kg/hm^2,and K 180.0kg/hm^2 was an optimum fertilization scheme to obtain the highest alfalfa hay yield,which provided a rational fertilization in Huang-Huai-Hai region under the similar climatic and soil conditions.

关 键 词：紫花苜蓿 施肥 产量 营养品质 

分 类 号：S541.1[农业科学—作物学]