行为策略、资源结构与中小企业创新产出  

Behavior tactics,resource structure and SMEs’ innovation output

作　　者：李晓翔[1] 李晶[2] Li Xiaoxiang;Li Jing(School of Business,Anhui University,Hefei 230601,Anhui,China;School of Management,Anhui University,Hefei 230601,Anhui,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽大学商学院,安徽合肥230601 [2]安徽大学管理学院,安徽合肥230601

出　　处：《科研管理》2019年第7期173-181,共9页Science Research Management

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目:“资源结构、策略选择与中小企业创新绩效关系研究”(项目编号:15CGL011,起止时间:2015.07-2018.06);国家自然科学基金项目:“基本社会责任履行对战略慈善的影响研究:利益相关者认知冲突的视角”(项目编号:71572075,起止时间:2016.01-2019.12);安徽省高校优秀青年人才支持计划重点项目:“资源匮乏情境下中小企业的产品创新”(项目编号:gxyqZD2016001,起止时间:2016.01-2018.12)

摘　　要：即兴与拼凑策略分别意味着随机应变、另辟蹊径。中小企业的环境多变、资源总量有限,行动的计划性弱、灵活性强,适于且青睐于这两类行为策略。与此同时,由于对计划的否定与放弃等原因,即兴、拼凑的作用一直饱受诟病与质疑。这些尚存争议、甚至相互矛盾的观点造成中小企业实践的困惑,即兴与拼凑对它们的实际作用需要细致分析与验证。特别是,中小企业已成长为全球创新的重要力量。在致力于创新这类高风险、高投入、长周期活动的同时,它们又受到资源有限性等问题的掣肘,因此更加关心能否通过即兴、拼凑策略,有效突破时间与资源约束、把握创新机遇。作为中小企业两类常见行为策略,即兴、拼凑经常相伴出现,探索它们间存在的是相互抑制效应还是促进效应同样至关重要。本文旨在从中小企业创新产出的角度回答拼凑、即兴两类策略的单独作用以及在组合层面的交互效应。而且,任何策略的实施均离不开相应资源的支持,中小企业资源总量有限且外部获取能力弱,但可以根据需要自由变更自身资源结构,本文同时从沉淀资源、非沉淀资源之间关系视角探索适用于这两类策略的资源结构。相比那些不关注、甚至没有创新产出的中小企业,以科技型中小企业为样本可以更加清晰地展现和检验相关因素不同所带来的创新产出差异。鉴于行业差异和科技型中小企业的分布,本文的样本选自软件行业,并利用合肥、南京两地232家中小软件企业的问卷数据,采用普通最小二乘法进行多元线性回归分析后证实:(1)即兴、拼凑策略和中小企业创新产出之间分别呈倒U型和正相关关系;(2)即兴和拼凑策略会弱化彼此对于中小企业创新产出的作用;(3)相比非沉淀资源,维持更多沉淀资源能够增强即兴策略对中小企业创新产出的作用。这些结果从中小企业创�Improvisation and bricolage mean adapting to changing circumstances and looking for new approaches correspondingly.In the hypercompetitive environment nowadays,small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs)fit and prefer these two tactics for responiling to ever-changing situation and their characters of poor planning and high flexibility.More importantly,resource scarcity is prevalent in SMEs,but a large amount of literature ignore these scarcity and study SMEs'innovation in ideal adequate resource circumstances.Normally,innovation activities,such as research and development,need and consume lots of resources,and SMEs bring forward a large percentage of innovation output although they frequently drop into resource scarcity.It is valuable and interesting to probe into how they overcome the constraint and achieve success in the process of innovation.Improvisation and bricolage often occur when enterprises lack in time or material resources,and therefore,become common behavior tactics in SMEs.Meanwhile,roles of improvisation and bricolage have been roundly questioned and criticized for their denying and discarding plans’effects which are commonplace in nowadays enterprise and seem to constitute the foundation of activities in terms of efficiency and effectiveness in most place.These debatable and conflicting arguments cause confusion in SMEs'practice,and it's necessary to carefully analysis and test the effects of improvisation and bricolage.Especially,SMEs have increasingly become an important force in global innovation,and are largely concerned with effects of improvisation and bricolage in breaking time and resource restraints and seizing the opportunity to innovation,because of their shortage in resource and the characters of innovation activities,such as high-risk,high-investment and extended-cycle.As two common behavior tactics in SMEs,improvisation and bricolage are usually coupled together,and it is important to clarify whether they can promote or interfere the other effect.This paper separately analyzes main e

关 键 词：即兴 拼凑 中小企业创新 资源结构 

分 类 号：F272.3[经济管理—企业管理]