农业废弃物中重金属含量特征及农用风险评估  

Characteristic of heavy metal contents in agricultural wastes and agricultural risk assessment

作　　者：魏益华[1] 邱素艳[1] 张金艳[1] 陈庆隆[1] 陈柳萌[2] 涂田华[1] 戴廷灿[1] Wei Yihua;Qiu Suyan;Zhang Jinyan;Chen Qinglong;Chen Liumeng;Tu Tianhua;Dai Tingcan(Institute for Quality&Safety and Standards of Agricultural Products Research,Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanchang 330200,China;Institute of Applied Agricultural Microorganism,Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanchang 330200,China)

机构地区：[1]江西省农业科学院农产品质量安全与标准研究所,南昌330200 [2]江西省农业科学院农业应用微生物研究所,南昌330200

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2019年第14期212-220,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(21605063);江西现代农业科研协同创新(JXXTCX2016003-06,JXXTCX201703-01);江西省青年科学基金(20161BAB214186);江西省重点研发计划(20181BBF68013)

摘　　要：为了解江西省主要农业废弃物中重金属污染状况和评估其再利用产物农用的安全性,在江西省内采集了水稻秸秆、蔬菜废弃物、猪粪和牛粪等样品,对样品中铬、镍、铜、锌、砷、镉、汞和铅重金属含量进行了测定与风险评估。结果表明,动物性废弃物中重金属含量和超标率明显高于植物性废弃物,其中猪粪属于重度污染,牛粪为轻度污染,植物性废弃物尚处于安全水平。若以江西省农业废弃物为原料制成有机肥,并长期施用于设施菜地,猪粪有机肥施用8.4、15.3和23.9a后土壤中Cu、Cd和Zn将陆续超标,牛粪有机肥施用23.3a后土壤中Cu将超标,水稻秸秆、蔬菜废弃物有机肥施用约29a后土壤中Cd将超标,故农业废弃物有机肥须严格控制原料中重金属含量,其农用的长期安全性有待加强监测。In order to understand the pollution status of heavy metals of main agricultural wastes in Jiangxi province and evaluate its long-time use safety of the agricultural wastes reusable products(for example,organic fertilizer),rice straw samples,paddy soil samples,vegetable waste samples,vegetable soil samples,pig manure samples and cow manure samples were collected in 9 countries of Jiangxi provinces.Eight kinds of heavy metals(Cr,Ni,Cu,Zn,As,Cd,Hg and Pb)contents in the samples were determined by ICP-MS and AFS,and then risk assessments were carried out.The results showed that the concentrations and standard exceeding rates of heavy metals in plant wastes were significantly lower than those in animal wastes,such as the levels of Cu and Zn in animal wastes were 10 to 100 times of those in plant wastes.Besides,the standard exceeding rates of Zn,Cu and As in pig manures were 86.1%,83.3%and 13.9%,respectively,and the standard exceeding rates of Zn and Cu in pig manures were both 16.7%.Only the concentrations of Cd in rice straw samples exceed the limit standard(4.2%),and the concentrations of Cd,Zn and Ni in vegetable waste samples exceed the limit standards,the standard exceeding rates ranged from 3.6%to 7.1%.The order of heavy metal contents in plant wastes were Zn>>Cr>Ni>Cu>As,Pb,Cd>Hg,while that in animal wastes were Zn>Cu>>Ni>As,Pb,Cr>Cd>Hg.According to the Nemero composite pollution indexes,the comprehensive pollution levels in agricultural wastes of Jiangxi province were:pig manures>cow manures>vegetable wastes>rice straw,their composite pollution indexes were 3.32,1.20,0.34 and 0.29,respectively.Pig manures were seriously polluted,and cow manures were slightly polluted,and vegetable wastes and rice straw were at safety levels.If these agricultural wastes were served as organic fertilizer raw materials respectively,which were applied to greenhouse soil for a long-term,accumulation rates of heavy metals and their safe service lives in greenhouse soil were calculated.Accumulation rates of most heavy metals in gree

关 键 词：废弃物 重金属 污染 风险评估 

分 类 号：X71[环境科学与工程—环境工程]