基于振动排序的马铃薯微型种薯播种机设计与试验  

Design and Experiment of Vibration-arranging Based Seeder for Potato Micro-seed

作　　者：刘文政[1,2] 何进 李洪文[1,2] 李学强 魏忠彩[1,2] 刘鹏 LIU Wenzheng;HE Jin;LI Hongwen;LI Xueqiang;WEI Zhongcai;LIU Peng(College of Engineering,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083,China;Shandong Provincial Intelligent Engineering and Technology Research Center for Potato Production Equipment,Dezhou 253600,China;Shandong Xicheng Agricultural Machinery Science and Technology Co.,Ltd.,Dezhou 253600,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学工学院,北京100083 [2]山东省马铃薯生产装备智能化工程技术研究中心,德州253600 [3]山东希成农业机械科技有限公司,德州253600

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2019年第8期70-80,116,共12页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：山东省泰山产业领军人才工程高效生态农业创新项目(LJNY201615);教育部创新团队发展计划项目(IRT13039)

摘　　要：为提升中国马铃薯微型种薯(简称微型薯)机械化播种水平,根据微型薯物理特性及农艺特点,设计了一种基于振动排序的马铃薯微型种薯播种机,该机可一次完成开沟、播种、覆土、起垄等作业。基于受迫振动原理,通过对微型薯单列排序输送投种、振动回种等过程的分析,确定了播种装置关键结构参数和工作参数。采用调节板高频低幅往复运动,动态微量调节落种口尺寸,避免薯种在种箱内的结拱;利用离散元仿真模拟,明晰振动板较合理的振动频率及相应的驱动连接轴转速。开沟装置、播种装置、覆土起垄装置前后依次布置,先后完成开沟、种薯覆土和起垄工序。田间试验表明,当作业速度为5 km/h时,种薯播种重播指数为4.6%,漏播指数为5.6%,合格指数为89.8%,种植深度合格率为96.5%,各项指标均符合国家和行业标准要求。Aiming at enhancing the mechanization level of potato micro-seed planting,a vibration-arranging based seeder for potato micro-seed was designed.The seeder consisted of seeding device,seed dropping adjustment mechanism,ditching device,and soil and ridging device,which can complete several working procedures in a single pass,such as ditching,seeding,soil covering and ridging.Based on the principle of forced vibration,potato micro-seeds were arranged and seeded in single row,and some seeds failed to arrange in single row were reseeded by vibration plate.The key structural and working parameters of seeding device were confirmed according to the physical characteristics of potato micro-seed and agronomy requirements.An adjusting plate with reciprocating motion of high frequency and low amplitude was applied to micro-change the size of seed-dropping mouth in dynamic conditions.By this way,the stored seeds forming arch in seed box would be avoided.Furthermore,discrete element simulation was used to clarify the reasonable vibration frequency and revolving speed of adjusting plate and driving shaft,respectively.Ditching device,soil covering and ridging device were arranged from front to back,so as to sequentially complete ditching,soil covering and ridging.Key parameters of the ditching opener and double-disc were determined by theoretical analysis.As indicated in the field experiment,at the working speed of 5 km/h,the multiple-seeding index,miss-seeding index,qualified-seeding index and qualified-seeding depth rate were 4.6%,5.6%,89.8%and 96.5%,respectively.Results showed that performance indexes of the seeder all met the relevant work quality evaluation specification requirements.The research can provide reference for the development of mechanical planting of potato micro-seed.

关 键 词：马铃薯 播种机 振动排序 覆土起垄 田间试验 

分 类 号：S223.2[农业科学—农业机械化工程]