滴灌施肥条件下减量施肥对马铃薯田土壤养分积累及产量的影响  

Effects of Reducing Fertilization on Soil Nutrient Accumulation and Potato Yield under Drip Fertigation

作　　者：冯志文 万书勤[2] 康跃虎[2,3] 孙清华 张若芳[1] FENG Zhi-wen;WAN Shu-qin;KANG Yao-hu;SUN Qing-hua;ZHANG Ruo-fang(Inner Mongolia Potato E&T Research Center,Inner Mongolia University,Hohhot 010021,China;Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resource Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古大学马铃薯工程技术研究中心,呼和浩特010021 [2]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所陆地水循环及地表过程重点实验室,北京100101 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2019年第8期28-33,38,共7页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0200806,2016YFC0400105)

摘　　要：为了进一步确定合理施肥量并有效指导滴灌条件下的肥料管理,以马铃薯“夏波蒂”为试材,基于推荐施肥量(N、P2O5、K2O施用量分别为420、105、495kg/hm^2),布置了5个施肥量比例的滴灌施肥灌溉处理,分别为推荐施肥量的10%(F1)、30%(F2)、50%(F3)、70%(F4)和90%(F5),研究了其对收获时农田土壤养分积累与产量的影响。结果表明,经过整个生育期的滴灌施肥灌溉后,随着施肥量的增加,0~60cm土层的硝态氮浓度增加,且向土壤下层的移动增加;0~40cm土层的铵态氮浓度和0~30cm土层的速效磷浓度呈先增加后下降的趋势;0~60cm土层的速效钾浓度在垂直分布减弱,而水平分布增加。当施肥量比例在70%左右(F4)时,土壤养分主要在积累0~40cm土层,且向下层土壤淋失较少。马铃薯产量随着施肥量的增加呈先增加后下降的趋势,以F3处理最高,为25.3t/hm^2,除显著高于F1处理外,与其他处理间差异不显著。因此,滴灌施肥灌溉时,当施肥量比例为推荐施肥量的70%左右时,马铃薯田的土壤养分主要积累在0~40cm土层,并降低了施肥量、减少了养分从根区的淋失,且产量较高。In order to further determine the reasonable fertilizer application and guide fertilizer management under drip irrigation,a field experiment comparing the effects of five different fertigation levels on soil nutrient accumulation and potato(Shepody)yield was carried out.The five fertigation levels include 10%(F1),30%(F2),50%(F3),70%(F4)and 90%(F5)of the recommended fertilizer quantity(N,P2O5,K2O content is respectively 420,105,495 kg/hm^2),which was estimated based on the nutrient balance method.The results show that:after drip fertigation during the whole growth period,the nitrate nitrogen concentration in the 0~60 cm soil layer increases with the increase of fertilizer amount,and the movement to the lower layer of soil increases;the concentration of ammonium nitrogen in the 0~40 cm soil layer and the concentration of available phosphorus in the 0~30 cm soil layer first increase and then decrease;the available potassium concentration in 0~60 cm soil decreases in the vertical distribution,but increases in the horizontal distribution;when the proportion of fertilizer application is about 70%(F4),soil nutrients mainly accumulate in the 0~40 cm soil layer,and less leach to the lower soil layer;the potato yield increases first and then decreases with the increase of fertilizer application,and the highest value is 25.3 t/hm^2 under F3 treatment,which wis not significantly different from other treatments except F1 treatment.Therefore,when the proportion of fertilizer applied in drip irrigation is about 70%of the recommended amount,soil nutrients in potato fields mainly accumulate in the soil layer of 0~40 cm,which reduces the amount of fertilizer applied and the loss of nutrients from the root zone,and the yield is relatively high.

关 键 词：滴灌施肥 马铃薯 施肥量比例 土壤养分积累 

分 类 号：S275.6[农业科学—农业水土工程] S532[农业科学—农业工程]