覆盖耕作对岭南旱作大豆土壤水热及产量的影响  

Effects of Coverage Cultivation on Soil Water Heat and Yield of Dryland Soybean in Southern Foot of Daxing’an Mountains

作　　者：武淑娜 杨树青[1] 李文娟 杨水源 孙云岭 WU Shu-na;YANG Shu-qing;LI Wen-juan;YANG Shui-yuan;SUN Yun-ling(College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010018,China;Inner Mongolia Hengyuan Water Conservancy Engineering Ltd.Co,Hohhot 010018,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学,呼和浩特010018 [2]内蒙古恒源水利工程有限公司,呼和浩特010018

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2019年第8期48-53,共6页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：内蒙古自治区科技计划项目“大兴安岭南麓旱作大豆高效节水关键技术集成与示范”(201502041)

摘　　要：为探讨旱作条件下不同耕作覆盖措施对大豆的增产机制及其对土壤水热环境的影响,在试验区设传统耕作(T)、免耕(NT)、传统耕作加秸秆覆盖(TS)、传统耕作加覆盖地膜(TP)4个处理进行研究,结果表明:整个生育期内,较T处理而言TP处理具有土壤增温效果,而NT和TS处理则表现出不同程度的土壤降温效果,NT处理保墒效果不明显。TP处理前期增温保墒,后期降温抑蒸,这有利于改善土壤水热环境,符合大豆生长发育对环境的需求。不同措施下大豆产量由高到低为TP>TS>NT>T,TP、TS、NT处理比T处理产量分别高出249.9、548.85、760.5kg/hm^2,以TP处理增产幅度最高,各处理大豆增产率在9.02%~27.45%。土壤温度与产量的相关性表现为TP>TS>NT>T,且TP处理下土壤温度和产量呈显著相关,说明土壤温度会对产量造成影响,且主要是以TP处理影响最大。In order to explore the impacts of different tillage and cover measures on soil water and heat environment and soybean yield under dry-farmed conditions,four treatments of traditional tillage(T),no-tillage(NT),traditional tillage with straw mulching(TS),and traditional tillage and plastic mulching(TP)were set to carried out experimental study.The results show that:during the whole growth period,compared with T treatment,TP treatment has the effect of increasing soil temperature,while NT and TS treatment show different degrees of soil cooling effect,and NT treatment has no significant effect on soil moisture conservation;TP treatment can increase temperature and retain moisture in the early stage and decrease temperature and inhibit evaporation in the later stage,which is conducive to improving soil hydrothermal environment and meeting the environmental requirements of soybean growth and development;under different measures,the order of soybean yield from high to low was TP>TS>NT>T;the yield of TP,TS and NT treatment is 249.9,548.85 and 760.5 kg/hm2 higher than that of T treatment,respectively;TP treatment has the highest yield increase,and the yield increase rate of each treatment rangs from 9.02%to 27.45%;the correlation between soil temperature and yield is shown as TP>TS>NT>T,and there is a significant correlation between soil temperature and yield under TP treatment,indicating that soil temperature will have an impact on yield,and TP treatment has the largest impact.

关 键 词：覆盖耕作方式 岭南地区 旱作大豆 水热效应 产量 

分 类 号：S3[农业科学—农艺学]