创业失败经历对失败学习行为的影响：失败归因的作用  

Impact of Entrepreneurial Failure Experience on Failure-Based Learning Behaviors:The Role of Failure Attribution

作　　者：杨特 赵文红[1] 吕斯尧 YANG Te;ZHAO Wen-hong;LYU Si-yao(School of Management,Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an 710049,China)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学管理学院

出　　处：《研究与发展管理》2019年第4期4-15,共12页R&D Management

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“创业经验、连续创业能力与创业绩效的关系研究”(71372165);陕西省软科学研究计划重点项目“基于创业生态系统的陕西省众创空间发展模式探索”(2018KRZ017)

摘　　要：失败是创业活动中必不可少的一部分。为更好地挖掘创业失败的价值,本文探究了连续创业者的先前创业失败经历对其后续学习行为的影响,并从创业者不同的归因倾向出发,探究了失败经历对失败后学习行为影响的边界条件。基于创业学习理论和归因理论,对181位创业者的调研结果进行实证检验,发现:创业者失败经历对于该创业者后续创业活动中的探索式学习行为有促进作用,抑制了利用式学习行为。而在失败后,失败归因对于创业失败经历和学习行为之间的关系有调节作用:当创业者将失败原因更多归咎于外部归因时,创业者更倾向于采用探索式学习行为,而不倾向采用利用式学习行为。Failure is one of the necessary parts of the entrepreneurial activities.In order to maximize the value of entrepreneurial failure,it studied the influence of serial entrepreneurial failure experience on the subsequent learning behaviors of entrepreneurs,and explored the boundary conditions of this relationship on the basis of entrepreneurial failure attribution.Based on the entrepreneurial learning theory and attribution theory,it empirically tested 181 entrepreneurs.The results indicate that the entrepreneurs’failure experience promotes their explorative learning behaviors,while inhibits their exploitative learning behaviors.Entrepreneurs’attribution has a moderated effect on the relationship between entrepreneurial failure experience and learning behavior,i.e.,if entrepreneurs mostly attribute their failures to external reasons,they are more likely to adopt explorative learning behavior rather than exploitative learning behavior.

关 键 词：创业失败 失败归因 探索式学习 利用式学习 

分 类 号：C93[经济管理—管理学]