听写困难儿童的空间编码和记忆特点  

The Characteristics of Spatial Coding and Memory in Children with Spelling Difficulties

作　　者：靖敏 杨双[1] JING Min;YANG Shuang(School of Education,Soochow University,Suzhou 215123,China)

机构地区：[1]苏州大学教育学院

出　　处：《中国临床心理学杂志》2019年第4期662-667,共6页Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology

基　　金：国家社科重大项目“儿童阅读障碍的认知机制及其干预”(基金号：14ZDB157)

摘　　要：目的:考察听写困难儿童的空间编码特点。方法:选择听写困难组和对照组儿童各30名,共包括两个实验,实验一采用特征匹配范式,以实验材料辨别难度为指标,对比听写困难组儿童和对照组儿童对探测刺激的判断反应时和正确率。实验二采用变化察觉范式,考察听写困难儿童对空间信息的记忆特点。结果:(1)实验一在反应时指标上,组别主效应显著,困难组被试的反应时高于正常组被试;条件主效应显著,在低辨别难度条件下的反应时,明显低于高辨别难度;交互效应不显著。在正确率指标上,条件主效应显著,低辨别难度条件下的正确率明显高于高辨别难度;组别效应和交互作用不显著。(2)实验二在反应时指标上,材料难度主效应显著,在低难度条件下的反应时,明显低于高难度;组别主效应不显著;交互效应不显著。在正确率指标上,材料难度的主效应显著,在低难度条件下的正确率,明显高于高难度;组别的主效应边缘显著,困难组的正确率低于对照组;交互效应不显著。结论:与正常儿童相比,听写困难儿童的视觉空间辨别加工存在缺陷,主要表现在加工速度的延迟。在视觉空间记忆上,听写困难儿童和正常儿童没有明显差别,差异水平边缘显著。Objective:To investigate the spatial coding ability of children with spelling difficulties.Methods:The study implemented two experiments in 30 children with spelling difficulties and 30 normal controls.Experiment I used the character matching paradigm with the degree of difficulty in distinguishing the spatial difference of the experimental materi?als as the index of the spatial coding difficulty.Using the change detection paradigm,Experiment II examined the memory characteristics of spatial information in children with spelling difficulties.Results:(1)In Experiment I,the reaction time of difficulty group was significantly longer than that of normal group.The main effect of condition was significant with the time under low difficulty condition much shorter than that under high difficulty condition.The accuracy under low difficulty con?dition was significantly higher than that under high difficulty condition.(2)In Experiment II,the reaction time under low dif?ficulty condition was significantly shorter than that under high difficulty condition.No group difference or interaction effect were found.Besides,the accuracy under low difficulty condition was significantly higher than that under high difficulty con?dition.The group difference was marginally different,with the accuracy of difficulty group lower than that of the normal group.Conclusion:Compared with normal children,children with spelling difficulties have deficits in spatial distinguish?ing mostly in processing speed but they are not significantly different in spatial memory.

关 键 词：听写困难 空间辨别 空间编码 

分 类 号：R395.1[哲学宗教—心理学]