干旱区玛纳斯河流域土地利用/覆被变化对绿洲效应的影响  

The influence of land use and cover changes on oasis effect in Manasi River Basin in arid area

作　　者：陈乐[1] 刘彤[1] 李中赫 马倩倩 韩志全 戴昱余 徐文斌[1] 欧阳异能 CHEN Le;LIU Tong;LI Zhonghe;MA Qianqian;HAN Zhiquan;DAI Yuyu;XU Wenbin;OUYANG Yineng(College of Life Science,Shihezi University,Shihezi,Xinjiang 832003,China;College of Science,Shihezi University,Shihezi,Xinjiang 832003,China)

机构地区：[1]石河子大学生命科学学院,新疆石河子832003 [2]石河子大学理学院,新疆石河子832003

出　　处：《石河子大学学报（自然科学版）》2019年第4期480-489,共10页Journal of Shihezi University(Natural Science)

基　　金：兵团科技局国际科技合作计划项目(2016AH001);国家“十二五”科技支撑计划项目课题(2014BAC14B02)

摘　　要：全面研究干旱区土地利用/覆被变化对绿洲效应的影响,对合理布局下垫面结构、充分发挥绿洲效应、促进绿洲水分的利用效率、提高绿洲自维持和可持续发展具有重要意义。本文以干旱区典型流域玛纳斯河流域为研究区,基于1993—2015年8个年份的Landsat数据和气象资料,利用单窗法反演近地表温度,建立温度植被干旱指数模型(TVDI)反演近地表湿度,剖析了玛纳斯河流域绿洲的土地利用变化及其对绿洲效应的影响。结果表明:(1)耕地扩张侵占其他土地利用类型是研究区土地利用变化的主要特点。(2)近23年来,冷岛效应和湿岛效应均呈增强趋势,向降温、增湿方向发展,且面积增长速率大于强度。(3)绿洲效应的时空变化和强度与耕地的面积、扩张方向、强度和规模化发展紧密相关。(4)绿洲化有效提高了绿洲外围荒漠的植被覆盖度,可明显降低沙害。A comprehensive research of the influence of land use/cover change on oasis effect in arid areas is significance for rational layout of underlying surface structure,giving full play to oasis effect,promoting water use efficiency of oasis,and improving self-sustainability and sustainable development of oasis.This paper analyzed the land use changes and its influence on oasis effect in Manasi River Basin,the typical basin in arid land,by the near-surface temperature was inversed by mono-window algorithm,and the near-surface humidity was inversed by temperature vegetation drought index(TVDI)model based on the Landsat image and meteorological data from 1993 to 2015.The results show that:(1)The farm land expansion and occupation of other land use types are the main characteristics of land use change in the study area.(2)In the past 23 years,the oasis has been developing towards cooling and humidifying.Both cold island effect and wet island effect of the oasis have shown an increasing trend,and their growth rate of area is greater than the growth of intensity.(3)The spatio-temporal change and intensity of oasis effect are closely related to the area,expansion direction and intensity,scale development of farmland.(4)The oasis expansion effectively increased the vegetation coverage of the desert in the periphery of the oasis,and significantly reduced the damage of sand.

关 键 词：冷岛效应 湿岛效应 温度植被干旱指数模型(TVDI) 单窗法 

分 类 号：U412.14[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程] X16[环境科学与工程—环境科学]