日粮因素对反刍动物胰腺外分泌功能的调控  

Regulation of dietary on pancreatic exocrine function in ruminants

作　　者：姚军虎[1] 郭龙[1] 曹阳春[1] Yao Junhu;Guo Long;Cao Yangchun

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学

出　　处：《饲料工业》2019年第16期1-10,共10页Feed Industry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目[31672451、31472122]

摘　　要：反刍动物消化系统在结构上与单胃动物不同,对营养物质的消化存在差异。营养物质在瘤胃内被微生物降解利用,产生的挥发性脂肪酸被瘤胃壁吸收供能;菌体蛋白与未降解的饲料流入小肠,由胰腺分泌的消化酶消化成小分子物质,如葡萄糖、氨基酸等被小肠上皮直接吸收利用。理论上小肠内淀粉类营养物质化学性消化利用效率远高于瘤胃,但淀粉小肠内的消化受到胰腺淀粉酶分泌不足的限制,因此调控营养物质在小肠内的化学性消化对于高产奶牛更加迫切。本课题组从胰腺外分泌功能的调控入手,研究反刍动物小肠营养物质的化学性消化的调控,尤其是日粮碳水化合物结构及功能性氨基酸的调控作用。基于此,本文综述反刍动物胰腺的生理结构、对碳水化合物的消化、外分泌的影响因素及其调控机理,旨在为提高反刍动物营养物质的消化利用效率、减少饲料资源的浪费提供理论依据。Ruminant animals have special compound stomach structures including rumen,reticulum,omasum,and abomasum,which differenced in the digestion of nutrients with monogastric animals.Nu?trient substances are degraded and utilized by microorganisms in the rumen and the volatile fatty acid?sare produced and absorbed by the rumen wall.The bacterial proteins and undigested feeds flow into the small intestine and are digested by digestive enzymes secreted by the pancreas into small molecu?lar substances such as glucose,amino acids,etc.These small moleculesare directly absorbed and uti?lized by the small intestine epithelium.In theory,the chemical digestion and utilization efficiency of starch nutrients in the small intestine is much higher than that in the rumen,but the digestion in the small intestine of the starch is limited by the insufficient secretion of pancreatic amylase.Therefore,the chemical digestion of nutrients in the small intestine is more urgent for high-yield dairy cows.Our research team started from the regula?tion of pancreatic exocrine function,and studied the regulation of chemical digestion of small in?testine nutrients in ruminants,especially the reg?ulation of dietary carbohydrate structure and functional amino acids.Based on these,the research reviewed the physiological structure of ruminant pancreas,the factors affecting the digestion and exocrine of carbohydrates,and its regulation mecha?nism,aiming to better understand the characteristics of chemical digestion and improve the digestion and utilization of ruminant nutrients.The present review provided the theoretical basis for efficiency,reduced waste of feed resources,and promoted efficient development of the dairy industry.

关 键 词：反刍动物 胰腺 外分泌功能 淀粉 消化利用率 

分 类 号：S816[农业科学—饲料科学]