汉日同形V-N动词用法对比  

A Corpus-based Comparison of the V-N Chinese-Japanese Homographs

作　　者：许雪华 Xu Xuehua(Nanjing Tech University,China Japanese Linguistics)

机构地区：[1]南京工业大学外国语言文学学院

出　　处：《日语学习与研究》2019年第4期52-61,共10页Journal of Japanese Language Study and Research

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“东亚国家语言中汉字词汇使用现状研究(项目号:12JZD014)”的阶段性研究成果。项目主持人:施建军

摘　　要：汉语和日语中有近350个汉日同形V-N动词,利用语料库调查其在两国语言中的用法可以发现,近三分之一的动词在汉日语中用法相同,其中多数无法带宾语,仅有少数可以带宾语。剩余近三分之二的动词在汉日语中用法存在差异,主要区别是汉语无法直接带宾语,而日语具备直接带宾语的能力。汉语受词语结构影响,一般V-N动词很少能带宾语,而日语「漢語動詞」词汇化程度高,且日语是SOV结构,对V-N动词带宾语的限制没有汉语严格,因此日语中多数V-N动词具备带宾语的能力。There are about 350 V-N Chinese-Japanese homographs in both Chinese and Japanese.According to a corpus investigation,it is found that one-third of these 350 words have the same usage while two-thirds of the 350 words are used differently in Chinese and Japanese.The main difference is that most of the V-N verbs in Chinese cannot take an object directly,while they can take an object in Japanese,for they are influenced by the Chinese V-N structure,and only a few V-N verbs in Chinese can take an object.However,Kango verbs in Japanese have a higher degree of lexicalization than in Chinese.What's more,Japanese is a Subject-Object-Verb language,which has fewer limitations in taking an object than in Chinese All these factors make V-N verbs in Japanese mostly able to take an object.

关 键 词：汉日同形V-N动词 宾语 语料库 对比研究 

分 类 号：H36[语言文字—日语]