细胞核质互作形成的生态与进化过程分析  

Assessing the ecological and evolutionary processes underlying cytonuclear interactions

作　　者：王茜 程祥 周玮 张新新 胡颖 陈晓阳 胡新生 WANG Xi;CHENG Xiang;ZHOU Wei;ZHANG XinXin;HU Ying;CHEN XiaoYang;HU XinSheng(Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm,Guangzhou 510642,China;College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China)

机构地区：[1]广东省植物种质资源与利用重点实验室,广州510642 [2]华南农业大学林学与风景园林学院,广州510642

出　　处：《中国科学：生命科学》2019年第8期951-964,共14页Scientia Sinica(Vitae)

基　　金：华南农业大学人才引进启动项目(批准号:4400219224)资助

摘　　要：细胞核质互作是形成真核生物细胞的必经步骤,细胞核质基因组在遗传方式、突变率、倍数、重组、有效群体数等方面存在根本差异,这些差异必然与生态和进化过程互作,影响和参与维持核质基因组的协同进化.本文从生态与进化过程深度阐述了形成核质互作的理论和实际研究进展,包括核质基因连锁不平衡的进化理论、核质互作效应检测、核质互作的分子证据、核质基因渐渗与遗传谱系的差异、核质不亲和与物种形成等.理论和实际结果显示,基本进化动力(突变、选择、漂变及迁移)可不同程度地改变核质互作效应.今后研究重点就是基于核质全基因组序列筛选核质互作位点,分析位点的遗传进化属性,揭示核质互作形成的分子机制;理论上解析与核质根本差异都有互作的交配系统的角色,分析交配系统怎样影响群体核质不亲和及其导致的物种形成过程.Cytonuclear interaction is an essential step in originating an eukaryotic cell.There are fundamental differences between cytoplasimic and nuclear genomes in the mode of inheritance,mutation rate,ploidy,gene recombination,and effective population size.These differences inevitably interact with ecological and evolutionary processes,and are involved in maintaining cytonuclear interactions and their coevolution.Here we review in depth the theories of cytonuclear interactions and the empirical research progress from the perspective of ecology and evolutionary processes,including the evolutionary theory of cytonuclear linkage disequilibrium,methods for detecting cytonuclear interaction,molecular evidence of cytonuclear interactions,and the discordance in cytonuclear introgression and in phylogenetic trees among species,cytonuclear incompatibility,and speciation.Theoretical studies and empirical evidence show that the basic evolutionary forces(mutation,selection,drift and migration)can change cytonuclear interactions to different extents.Future studies would concentrate on(i)screening loci of cytonuclear interactions at the genome level,testing the evolutionary attributes of significant loci,and analyzing molecular mechanisms of cytonuclear interactions;(ii)addressing the role of mating system that interacts with the fundamental differences between cytoplasmic and nuclear genomes,analyzing how mating system affects cytonuclear incompatibility at the population level and the consequence of leading to speciation.

关 键 词：核质互作 核质连锁不平衡 核质不亲和 基因渐渗 物种形成 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]