庐山植物园迁地保育的12种杜鹃观测初探  

Observational study of 12 Rhododendron species conserved ex situ in Lushan Botanical Garden

作　　者：李晓花[1] 唐山[2] 王凯红[1] 李丹丹[1] 梁同军[1] 单文[1] 张乐华[1] LI Xiaohua;TANG Shan;WANG Kaihong;LI Dandan;LIANG Tongjun;SHAN Wen;ZHAGN Lehua(Lushan Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences﹠Key Laboratory of Plant Ex-situ Conservation and Utilization,Lushan Jiangxi 332900,China;Jiangxi Academy of Forestry,Nanchang 332900,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院庐山植物园&江西省植物迁地保护与利用重点实验室,江西九江332900 [2]江西省林业科学院,南昌330046

出　　处：《生态科学》2019年第5期138-144,共7页Ecological Science

基　　金：国家国际科技合作项目(2014DFA31720);“赣鄱英才555工程”领军人才培养计划项目(无编号);江西省科研院所基础设施配套项目(20151BBA13039);国家科技基础性工作专项(2015 FY210100-7);江西省自然科学基金项目(20181BAB204015)

摘　　要：对江西省庐山植物园杜鹃专类园迁地保育的12种杜鹃进行了3年的物候及开花期与展叶期观测研究,结果表明:(1)开花最早的为马缨杜鹃,开花最晚的为喇叭杜鹃;杜鹃露蕾时颜色最深、开放后花冠逐渐变大,但花色慢慢变淡,至花谢时花冠变小枯萎;花和果最大的是广福杜鹃,背绒杜鹃最小。(2)展叶最早的是红色闹羊花,展叶最晚的为喇叭杜鹃,白花红滩杜鹃的叶片最大,背绒杜鹃叶片最小。(3)物候发生时间随年度不同而有波动,但物候发生次序和开花期与展叶期规律未见随年份而变化。这些物候观测及开花期与展叶期特征为加强杜鹃迁地保育及园林应用提供了参考。The study of the phenology observations and flowering and leafing type of 12 Rhododendron species was conducted for conserved ex situ in Rhododendron themed gardens in Lushan Botanical Garden.The results showed that(1)The earliest flowering was Rhododendron delavayi,and the latest flowering was R.discolor.Rhododendron had the deepest color when it showed buds,and the corolla gradually became larger after it opened,but the flower color slowly became lighter,and the crown became small and withered when the flower was gone.The largest size of flower and fruit was Rhododendron kwangfuense,the smallest size was R.hypoblematosum.(2)The earliest leaflet was Rhododendron molle var.rubrum,and the latest leaflet was R.discolor;the largest leaf size was Rhododendron chihsinianum,and the smallest leaf size was R.hypoblematosum.(3)The phenological occurrence time fluctuated with the year,but the phenological occurrence sequence and the law of flowering and leafing did not change with the year.The phenology observations and flowering and leafing type provided a reference for strengthening conservation and landscape application of Rhododendron.

关 键 词：杜鹃 物候观测 开花期与展叶期 形态特征 保育 庐山植物园 

分 类 号：S157.2[农业科学—土壤学]