少花蒺藜草在中国北方地区的不同种群遗传多样性分析  

Genetic Diversity Analysis of Different Populations of Cenchrus spinifex in Northern China

作　　者：宋振[1] 张衍雷[1] 付卫东[1] 张瑞海[1] 张国良[1] SONG Zhen;ZHANG Yanlei;FU Weidong;ZHANG Ruihai;ZHANG Guoliang(Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2019年第8期1499-1506,共8页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC1201203);农业农村部部门预算项目(2130108)

摘　　要：少花蒺藜草为入侵中国北方农牧交错带干旱半干旱地区的一年生恶性杂草,具有极强的耐旱、耐贫瘠、抗寒等特性,其产生的刺苞还对人畜造成伤害,严重破坏了入侵地的生态系统结构和功能,影响了农牧业的健康发展。探究少花蒺藜草的分类学地位及入侵途径对揭示其入侵机制具有重要意义。采用ITS、rbcL、trnH-psbA等DNA条形码比对分析,研究了中国北方地区两种表型的蒺藜草属杂草的种群遗传性状差异,明确了其分类学地位。同时采用RAPD技术对来源于不同地理区域的少花蒺藜草种群遗传多样性进行了分析,揭示了其在中国北方地区的主要扩散传播路径。ITS序列的测序和比对结果表明,广泛分布于中国北方农牧交错带干旱半干旱地区的两种表型的蒺藜草属植物序列相似度为99%,均为少花蒺藜草(Cenchrus spinifex),其形态差异为同一种的不同表型变异造成的。根据RAPD结果构建的构建亲缘进化遗传图谱分析表明,入侵中国东北三省及内蒙古地区的少花蒺藜草有两条传播主线,即凌海-易县-彰武-通辽市左翼后旗-通辽市左翼中旗,以及通辽市左翼中旗-开鲁县-奈曼旗-赤峰市敖汉旗。研究结果为揭示少花蒺藜草入侵的生态学机制奠定了基础,为相关生态治理技术的研发提供了理论依据。Cenchrus spinifex is a perennial malignant weed that invades the farming and pastoral areas of northern China.It has strong drought resistance,barren resistance,cold resistance and pest resistance,which seriously affects the structure and function of the ecosystem in the invaded areas.It is of great significance to explore its taxonomic status and invasion pathway for revealing its invasion mechanism.The population differences of two phenotypes of Cenchrus weeds in northern China were studied by using ITS,rbcL and trnH-psbA conservative sequence alignment analysis and the taxonomic status was determined by combining biological characteristics and variation characteristics.RAPD technique was then used to analyze the genetic diversity of C.spinifex from different geographical populations,revealing its diffusion path and main genetic diversity characteristics in northern China.The results of sequencing and alignment showed that the plants with two different phenotypes were all C.spinifex,which were widely distributed in arid and semi-arid areas of the agro-pastoral ecotone in northern China.There are two main transmission lines of C.spinifex invading the three northeastern provinces of China and Inner Mongolia.The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for revealing the invasion mechanism of C.spinifex,and lay a foundation for further research on comprehensive management methods of C.spinifex and ecological restoration of its invaded and destroyed environment.

关 键 词：少花蒺藜草 遗传多样性 DNA条形码 分类鉴定 传播途径 

分 类 号：S451.1[农业科学—植物保护] X176[环境科学与工程—环境科学]