陕北六道沟流域切沟形态复杂性及其类型划分  

Morphological Complex and Classification of Gullies in the Liudaogou Minor Drainage Basin in North Shaanxi Province

作　　者：赵影 董爽[1,3] 贾玉华 ZHAO Ying;DONG Shuang;JIA Yu-hua(Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion Control and Ecological Restoration,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110866,Liaoning,China;State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Fanning on the Loess Plateau,Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi,China;Tongren Polytechnic College,Tongren 554300,Guizhou,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学水利学院,辽宁省水土流失防控与生态修复重点实验室,辽宁沈阳110866 [2]中国科学院水土保持与生态环境研究中心黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100 [3]铜仁职业技术学院,贵州铜仁554300

出　　处：《干旱区研究》2019年第5期1292-1299,共8页Arid Zone Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41571221)资助

摘　　要：黄土高原切沟对流域地貌和自然环境造成了深刻影响,研究切沟形态特征有助于揭示其发育过程和演化机理。在陕北六道沟小流域,利用手持GPS测量32条发育典型的切沟,通过研究取得以下结果:①沟长大于100m的切沟占调查总数的81.2%。切沟横向扩张程度大于其下切程度,且宽度和深度自沟头和横断面到沟口显著增加(P<0.05);②与形状指数相比,计盒维数对切沟分支和边缘破碎信息表达效果更佳;③根据切沟分支情况,其形态可分为线型、沟头扩展型、沟头分支型和沟底分支型4种类型。总之,从主沟和支沟的空间联系、支沟沟长占比和对切沟类型划分而言,支沟是重新认识切沟和流域破碎地貌不可忽视的重要组成部分。The appearance and development of permanent gullies considerably change the catchment geomorphology and natural environment in the Loess Plateau.Research on gully morphology is beneficial to understand the development process and evolvement mechanism of gullies.Through a field survey in 32 typical gullies in the Liudaogou minor drainage basin with portable GPS,the morphological characteristics and the main results are as follows:①The number of gully>100 m in length accounted for 81.2%.The widening extent of the gullies was larger than their deepening.Specifically,the width of the gullies was two times higher than their depth.Moreover,the mean width and depth were significantly different among the head-cut,cross-section and outlet of the gullies;②Inconsistent information was achieved from the box dimension and the shape index.In comparison,the box dimension was sufficient in expressing the shape complex of gullies,which ranged from 1.011 to 1.293 in this study;③According to the incorporated gully branch information,the permanent gullies were divided into four types:linear,head-expanded,head-branched and outlet-branched.In view of the spatial links between the main and branched gullies,the branches of the permanent gullies would be important for recognizing the gullies and understanding the fragmentation of the drainage basins.

关 键 词：侵蚀沟 形态 分形维数 切沟类型 六道沟 黄土高原 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]