城市湿地公园生物多样性设计与评估——以六盘水明湖国家湿地公园为例  

Design and assessment of biodiversity in urban wetland parks: Take liupanshui minghu national wetland park as an example

作　　者：郝晟 王春连 林浩文 HAO Sheng;WANG Chunlian;LIN Haowen(College of Architecture and Landscape of Peking University,Beijing 100871,China;The Graduate School of Landscape Architecture,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China;Beijing Turen Urban Planning and Design Company Limited,Beijing 100080,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学建筑与景观设计学院,北京100871 [2]北京大学景观设计学研究院,北京100871 [3]北京土人城市规划设计股份有限公司,北京100080

出　　处：《生态学报》2019年第16期5967-5977,共11页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YFC0401105);国家自然科学基金面上项目(51678002)

摘　　要：由于中国城市化进程加快,湿地公园中的生物多样性也随之受到影响,科学合理的设计和评估生物多样性对城市中同类型的湿地公园建设或维护有着重要的参考价值。研究选取基于人工设计的贵州省六盘水明湖国家湿地公园为例,从生境多样性与物种多样性两个方面对生物多样性进行评估。得出以下结论:(1)公园生境单元类型较丰富,公园中面状、现状要素饱和度指数都超50%,生境多样性状况良好。(2)公园建成5年后场地内乔灌木植物的种类明显增多,其中丁香、香樟、蜡梅、榆树等植物成为新的优势种群,表现在园区的西部、南部与东部;草本水生植物种类也明显增多,优势种群结构并没有发生太大改变,集中表现在园区的西南部、南部与中部。(3)影响生物多样性变化的两大因素一是优势群落的自然演替恢复速度效果明显,二是人为干扰严重的地区生物多样性减少。As the process of urbanization in China is accelerating, the biodiversity in wetland parks will also be affected. Scientific and rational assessment of biodiversity provides an important reference value for the construction or maintenance of the same types of wetland parks in cities. In this study, we selected the 5-year-old Liupanshui Minghu National Wetland Park in Guizhou Province and analyzed its biodiversity from habitat and species diversity. The former categorizes the "habitat units" in wetland parks into categories: punctual elements, linear elements, and planar elements, and calculates the corresponding area. The latter uses a sample method to investigate the number of species of vascular plants in the park and uses the Shannon-Wiener index for calculation, based on the diversity index of the two. ArcGIS overlay analysis was used to obtain the spatial coupling relationship between habitat diversity and species diversity. Subsequently, the corresponding habitat elements that affected the variation of species diversity were analyzed and optimized protection measures were proposed.

关 键 词：城市湿地公园 生物多样性 设计与评估 六盘水 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]