杂交水稻和杂交小麦的选育(1960—2000年)——面向国民经济主战场的新中国农业科技  

Breeding of Hybrid Rice and Hybrid Wheat(1960–2000)——China Agricultural Science and Technology Facing the Main Battlefield of National Economy

作　　者：朱冠楠[1] 曹幸穗[2] ZHU Guannan;CAO Xingsui(Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China;China Agricultural Museum,Beijing 100125,China)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学,南京210095 [2]中国农业博物馆,北京100125

出　　处：《中国科学院院刊》2019年第9期1036-1045,共10页Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences

摘　　要：文章回顾中国开展水稻和小麦的杂交育种工程,揭示农业科研必须面向经济建设主战场的神圣使命。中国农业科研体制发挥了集中力量办大事的制度优势,坚持顶层设计和规划引领,坚持与时俱进、不断创新,促使农业科技进步在保障国家粮食安全、提高人民生活水平方面作出巨大贡献。70年来,中国培育了一大批稻、麦新品种,实现了作物矮秆化、杂交化、优质化的3次跨越,完成了6次新品种更新换代。此外,在稻、麦高产栽培方面取得了重大的创新性技术成果,推动了中国粮食生产的跨越式进步。This paper reviews the hybrid breeding project of rice and wheat in China,revealing that the agricultural research must face the sacred mission of the main battlefield of economic development.Agricultural research system in China has exerted the institutional advantages of concentrating power to carry out major tasks,insisted on top-level design and planning,insisted on constantly advancing and innovating,as well as prompted agricultural scientific and technological progress to make great contributions in safeguarding national food security and improving people’s living standards.In the past 70 years,China has cultivated a large number of new rice and wheat varieties,achieving the breakthroughs of crop dwarfing,hybridization,and high quality,and updated 6 new varieties.In addition,significant innovative technological achievements have been made in high-yield cultivation of rice and wheat,which has promoted the leap-forward progress of China’s grain production.

关 键 词：农业科技 粮食安全 水稻杂交育种 小麦杂交育种 杂种优势利用 超级稻栽培技术 

分 类 号：F32[经济管理—产业经济]