煤炼铁的历史考察  

The Study on the History of Chinese Traditional Coal-based Ironmaking

作　　者：刘培峰[1] 李延祥 潜伟 LIU Pei-feng;LI Yan-xiang;QIAN Wei(Research Institute of History for Science and Technology,Nanjing University of Information Science&Technology,Nanjing 210044;Institute of Cultural Heritage and History of Science and Technology,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学科学技术史研究院,南京210044 [2]北京科技大学科技史与文化遗产研究院,北京100083

出　　处：《自然辩证法研究》2019年第9期85-90,共6页Studies in Dialectics of Nature

基　　金：国家自然科学基金“明清西南矿冶技术研究”(51861135307);南京信息工程大学科学技术史研究院开放课题(KJSYJ201811)

摘　　要：由有机燃料转变为化石燃料是人类能源应用领域的一项重大发明创造。中国古代煤炼铁研究从冶金史领域扩展到了科技考古、经济史、社会史等多个领域,并得出多项重要的结论。然而,总结欧美煤炼铁技术的发展史可知用煤在竖炉中冶炼生铁需要一系列的技术条件,在古代是无法实现的。通过文献记载、考古发现和传统工艺调查研究,发现宋代文献并不能证明这一时期发明了煤炼铁技术,明清时期应用坩埚法实现以煤为燃料炼铁,但这种工艺并不是当时冶铁技术的主流。因此,对于煤炼铁在中国古代的发明、应用和影响需要有新的认识。The transformation from organic fuel to fossil fuel is an important invention in the field of human energy application. The study of coal-making in ancient China has expanded from the field of metallurgical history to many fields such as scientific and technological archaeology,economic history and social history,and many important conclusions have been drawn. However,summing up the development history of European and American coal ironmaking technology,it can be seen that using coal to smelt pig iron in shaft furnace needs a series of technical conditions,which can’t be achieved in ancient times. Through documentary records,archaeological discoveries and traditional process investigation,it is found that the Song Dynasty literature can’t prove that coal-based ironmaking technology was invented in this period. The crucible method was used to realize coal-based ironmaking in Ming and Qing Dynasties,but this technology was not the mainstream of iron-making technology at that time. Therefore,it is necessary to have a new understanding of the invention,application and influence of coal-based ironmaking in ancient China.

关 键 词：煤炼铁 竖炉 坩埚炼铁 

分 类 号：N031[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]