专利文献中译英中的通用术语错译  

Mistranslation of Universal Terminologies in Chinese to English Translation of Patent Documents

作　　者：张奇 ZHANG Qi(Patent Search and Consultation Center,National Intellectual Property Administration,Beijing 100083 China)

机构地区：[1]国家知识产权局专利检索咨询中心

出　　处：《科技创新与生产力》2019年第10期18-21,25,共5页Sci-tech Innovation and Productivity

摘　　要：专利文献中译英时,由于中英文语言逻辑上的差异和意思理解上的细微疏忽,在通用术语时常出现字面上看似正确的错译,包括主谓关系不匹配、错误套用所属关系、整体部分之间的关系模糊不清、数值指代性字母错认成专有名词、技术手段与技术效果的一致性发生混淆。这些错译很容易导致技术方案的偏差,进而影响专利权的保护范围。为了对此类错译进行归纳总结,本文结合例句从语法学和语义学的角度分析其原因,并给出正确的处理方法。In Chinese to English translation of patent documents,due to the differences in different linguistic logic and subtle neglect in interpretation of meanings,universal terminologies are inclined to be mistranslated in a seemingly correct way(literally and word by word),including but not limiting to mismatching of subject and predicate,misuse of ownership,ambiguity in whole-and-part relationship,misinterpretation of letters referring to an uncertain figure as a proper noun,and confusion between technical means and technical effect.The aim of this paper is to classify these mistranslation of universal terminology,analyze the grammatical and semantical reason thereof by means of examples,and to provide a correct way to overcome these obstacles.

关 键 词：专利文献 专利翻译 翻译规则 通用术语 主谓逻辑 所属关系 

分 类 号：G306[文化科学] H315.9[语言文字—英语]