黑龙江省汛期降水的特征及分型研究  

Study on characteristics and types of rainfall in flood season in Heilongjiang Province

作　　者：张健[1] 李永生[1] ZHANG Jian;LI Yongsheng(Heilongjiang Climate Center,Harbin 150030,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省气候中心

出　　处：《自然灾害学报》2019年第5期229-236,共8页Journal of Natural Disasters

基　　金：中央引导地方科技发展专项(ZY18C12)~~

摘　　要：利用1961-2017年黑龙江省62个台站的汛期降水资料,采用趋势系数与气象要素变化率、小波周期分析、EOF分析等方法,研究汛期降水的气候变化趋势、分布、周期及分型和500 hPa环流特征,结果表明:黑龙江省汛期降水量平均呈略减少趋势,各站变化同样也不是很显著,除大兴安岭北部和松嫩平原大部及东部的部分站点呈略增加趋势外,大部地区呈略减少趋势;汛期降水占全年降水量的65%,降水量平均分布南北向的差异不明显,东西向的差异明显,最大值是在黑龙江省中部,向东向西两方向降水量平均值逐渐减小。黑龙江省汛期降水存在着25年左右的年代际变化周期,还有9-10年左右和3-4年左右的变化周期;汛期降水型可划分为一致性、东西反向型、南北反向型、经向型、纬向型,其中东西反向型占比例最大为46%;各类型降水与500 hPa环流场的相关关键区域主要位于我省以西到贝加尔湖、东部包括鄂霍茨克海、阿留申和副热带等区域。Based on the precipitation data of 62 stations in Heilongjiang Province during the flood season from 1961 to 2017,the methods of trend coefficient and variation rate of meteorological elements,wavelet periodic analysis and EOF analysis are adopted.The climate change trend,distribution,cycle and type of precipitation in flood season and the circulation characteristics of 500 hPa are studied.The results show that the average precipitation in flood season in Heilongjiang Province shows a slightly decreasing trend,and the change of each station is also not very significant.Except for a slight increase in the northern part of the Greater Khingan Range and in most of eastern parts of the Songnen Plain,most areas showed a slightly decreasing trend.The precipitation in flood season accounts for 65%of the total annual precipitation.The difference of the average distribution of precipitation in north-south direction is not obvious,but in east-west direction is obvious.The maximum value is in the middle of Heilongjiang Province,and the average precipitation in east-west direction decreases gradually.Summer precipitation in Heilongjiang Province has an interdecadal variation period of about 24 years,and a variation period of about 9-10 years and 3-4 years.Summer precipitation patterns can be divided into consistent,East-West reverse,north-south reverse,meridional and latitudinal patterns,with the largest proportion of East-West reverse being 46%.The key regions of each 500 hPa circulation field are mainly located from the west of Heilongjiang Province to Lake Baikal,and in the east,including the Okhotsk Sea,Aleutian and subtropical regions.

关 键 词：汛期降水 趋势 特征 周期 分型 

分 类 号：P466[天文地球—大气科学及气象学] X43[环境科学与工程—灾害防治]