烤烟红花大金元不同素质上部烟叶烘烤特性研究  

Curing Characteristics of Different Quality Upper Tobacco Leaves

作　　者：高娅北 娄晓平 张保全[2] 孙占伟 周中宇 赵东方 赵贵斌 邱坤 GAO Ya-bei;LOU Xiao-ping;ZHANG Bao-quan;SUN Zhan-wei;ZHOU Zhong-yu;ZHAO Dong-fang;ZHAO Gui-bin;QIU Kun(College of Tobacco Science,Henan Agricultural University,Henan Zhengzhou 450002,China;Zhejiang Tobacco Industrial Limited Company,Zhejiang Hangzhou 310004,China;China Tobacco Henan Industrial Co.,Ltd.,Henan Zhengzhou 450016,China;Qian-dongnan Tobacco Company of Guizhou Province,Guizhou Kaili 556000,China)

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学烟草学院,河南郑州450002 [2]浙江中烟工业有限责任公司,浙江杭州310004 [3]河南中烟工业有限责任公司,河南郑州450016 [4]贵州省黔东南州烟草公司,贵州凯里556000

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2019年第10期2459-2465,共7页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：浙江中烟工业有限责任公司资助项目(2017 3300 0034 1540)

摘　　要：【目的】为明确返青烟、多雨寡照烟及过量施肥烟叶等不同素质上部烟叶烘烤特性。【方法】采用暗箱和电烤箱的方法研究了红花大金元不同素质上部叶的变黄特性、失水特性以及烘烤过程中烤烟水分、颜色、色素的动态变化与多酚氧化酶活性。【结果】在暗箱及烘烤试验中返青、过量施肥烟叶变黄速度较慢,失水速度较快,多雨寡照烟叶变黄速度较快,失水速度较慢;烘烤过程中返青、过量施肥烟叶色素降解速度较慢,多雨寡照烟叶色素降解速度较快;淀粉含量多肥>返青>多雨寡照;多酚氧化酶活性多雨寡照>多肥>返青;烤后烟叶质量多雨寡照、过量施肥烟叶挂灰、黑糟烟比例较高,返青烟叶烤青烟比例较高。【结论】返青烟叶易烤性较差而耐烤性良好,多雨寡日照烟叶易烤性较好而耐烤性较差,过量施肥烟叶难变黄、易变褐,易烤性耐烤性均较差,在实际生产过程中应根据其烘烤特性进行烘烤工艺的调整,从而提高烤后烟叶质量。【Objective】The present paper aimed to clarify the curing characteristics of different quality upper leaves,such as green tobacco leaves,few rainy sunshine tobacco and multi-fermented tobacco leaves.【Method】A dark box and an electric oven were used to study the yellowing characteristics and water loss characteristics of the upper leaves of different qualities and dynamic changes of moisture,color and pigment and activity of polyphenol oxidase in flue cured tobacco during curing of Hong-hua-da-jin-yuan.【Result】In dark box and curing test,the yellowing speed of more fertilizer and turn green tobacco leaves was slower,the water loss speed was faster,the yellowing speed of rainy sunshine tobacco leaves was faster,and the water loss speed was slower;during the curing process,the degradation rate of the pigments in the turn green and more fertilizer tobacco leaves was slower,and the degradation rate of the pigments in the rainy sunshine tobacco leaves was faster;starch content was more fertilizer>turn green>rainy sunshine;polyphenol oxidase activity was rainy sunshine>more fertilizer>turn green;after curing,the proportion of ash and black bad smoke was relatively high,and rainy sunshine and more fertilizer tobacco leaves’proportion of turn green tobacco leaves was higher,the percentage of baked green tobacco leaves was relatively high.【Conclusion】The turn green tobacco leaves are less roasting and have good curing resistance,rainy sunshine tobacco leaves are easy to roast and have poor roasting resistance,more fertilizer tobacco leaves is difficult to turn yellow,easy to brown,easy to roast and roasting resistance are poor,in the actual production process,the curing process should be adjusted according to its curing characteristics,to improve the quality of the roasted tobacco leaves.

关 键 词：烟叶素质 烤烟 烘烤特性 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]