职权确认合同无效之程序和实体问题研究  

The Procedure and Entity in Confirmation of contract’s Invalidation

作　　者：林洋 LIN Yang(School of Law,Xihua University,Chengdu,Sichuan,610039)

机构地区：[1]西华大学法学院

出　　处：《新疆大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2019年第6期34-47,共14页Journal of Xinjiang University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“自贸区纠纷解决机制创新与临时仲裁制度构建研究”（18CFX083）

摘　　要：民法学理认为无效合同采国家干预,裁判者若发现无效合同可职权确认合同无效。从实体和程序共同分析,绝对无效事由具有侵害公益性应采职权调查原则,其是裁判者职权确认合同无效的依据。因立法缺乏规定,职权确认合同无效实践操作混乱,包括裁判者将职权调查定性为法律适用权、职权确认合同无效适用范围不明确等问题。以职权调查主义法理分析问题成因:一是实体上绝对无效的标准不明确,致使职权确认合同无效的适用范围被扩大。二是程序上缺乏采职权调查原则的程序规定,致使裁判者将职权确认合同无效和职权审查合同效力相混淆。在实体上以公益性为标准,界清绝对无效事由的范围。在程序上明确绝对无效采职权调查原则,进一步探讨程序启动、当事人适格、职权调查程度、释明、诉讼时效、判决主文表述等程序规则。The civil law theory holds that the invalid contract observes the principle of state intervention, and if the judge finds that the invalid contract can be ascertained, the contract is invalid. However, in terms of the connection between entities and procedures, the absolute invalid grounds should follow the principle of investigating the right to infringe public interest, which is the basis for the referee’s authority to confirm the invalidity of the contract. Due to the lack of relevant provisions in the legislation of the entities and procedures, the confirmation of the invalidity is confusing, including the fact that the referee has defined the principle of investigation of authority as the right to apply the law, and the scope of the application of the invalidation of the contract is not clear. This paper analyzed the causes of the problem by observing the legal investigationism: First, the standard of absolute invalidity in the entity is not clear, resulting in the expansion of the scope of the invalidation of the contract;second, the procedure lacks the description of the principle of the investigation of the right of acquisition, leading to the fact that the invalidity of the contract and the effectiveness of reviewing the contract are confused. Based on these reasons, this paper proposed that the scope of the public welfare be the standard, and the scope of the absolute invalidation be clearly defined;the principle of absolute invalidation of the right to invest be clearly defined in the procedure, and the procedure initiation, party qualification, power investigation, interpretation, and statute of limitations be clearly defined.

关 键 词：职权确认合同无效 公益性 绝对无效 职权调查原则 

分 类 号：D915[政治法律—诉讼法学]