扩孔剂对合成有序孔材料孔径的影响  

Effect of pore-enlarging agents on the diameter of synthetic ordered mesoporous materials

作　　者：刘小妩 李建梅[1] 段爱军[1] LIU Xiaowu;LI Jianmei;DUAN Aijun(State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing,College of Chemical Engineering and Environment,China University of Petroleum-Beijing,Beijing 102249,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石油大学(北京)化学工程与环境学院重质油国家重点实验室

出　　处：《石油科学通报》2019年第3期323-334,共12页Petroleum Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(编号21676298、21878330、U1463207)资助

摘　　要：硅铝基材料因其孔道结构多样、孔径大小易调、比表面积较大、易于通过负载活性金属及嫁接有机官能团等特点,具有调变反应活性及选择性等优势,广泛用作各种工艺过程的催化剂材料。其中,具有较大孔径的有序孔材料对催化反应活性中心位点的分布和反应物、中间物及产物的传质扩散有着重要的影响。本文综述了近年来有序孔材料合成中不同扩孔剂的添加对其孔道结构及物化性质的影响,从化学扩孔,如微孔材料的酸碱后处理;物理扩孔,如在介孔材料合成中添加极性与非极性扩孔剂等方法入手,总结了扩孔剂的作用机理及其对材料性质影响,并对未来利用扩孔剂合成有序孔材料进行了展望,为特种催化剂材料后续的设计及优化改性等提供了信息及方向。Si-Al oxide based materials are catalyst materials which can be used in different processes due to their advantages of diversified pore structures,adjustable pore sizes,large specific surface areas,being easily loaded with active metals and grafted with organic functional groups,all of which could improve the reaction activity and selectivity.Importantly,ordered mesoporous materials with large pore sizes exhibit preferable characteristics in catalytic reactions,good distribution of the active sites,and efficient capability in the mass transfer and diffusion of reactants,intermediates and products.In this paper,different expanding agents that are usually used to synthesize ordered mesoporous materials were summarized in detail,and the related influences on the channel structure,physical and chemical properties were reviewed.Furthermore,chemical and physical methods were reviewed,including acid or base post-processing methods which are usually used in the modification of microporous materials,and the addition of polar or nonpolar expanding agents into the original reaction systems which are often adopted in the synthesis of mesoporous materials.Moreover,research progress in the mechanisms of the expanding agents and their effects on the material properties were also summarized,and then the future trends for using expanding agents in the synthesis of ordered mesoporous materials were discussed,thus providing important information for the structural design and optimization of novel materials and catalysts.

关 键 词：有序孔材料 扩孔剂 溶解度 分子体积 极性 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]