亚麻基因工程研究进展  

Research Progress on Genetic Engineering of Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.)

作　　者：安霞 金关荣[1] 李鲁峰 骆霞虹[1] 陈常理[1] 李文略 朱关林[1] 张景瑜 An Xia;Jin Guanrong;Li Lufeng;Luo Xiahong;Chen Changli;Li Wenlue;Zhu Guanlin;Zhang Jingyu(Zhejiang Xiaoshan Institute of Cotton and Bast Fiber Crops Research,Flower Research and Development Centre,Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hangzhou,311202;Hangzhou Xiaoshan District Agricultural Science and Technology Research Institute,Hangzhou,311202;College of Plant Science and Technology of Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan,430070)

机构地区：[1]浙江省萧山棉麻研究所,浙江省农业科学院花卉研究开发中心,杭州311202 [2]杭州市萧山区农业科学技术研究所,杭州311202 [3]华中农业大学植物科学技术学院,武汉430070

出　　处：《分子植物育种》2019年第20期6705-6710,共6页Molecular Plant Breeding

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31801406);萧山区区级重大科技计划项目(2018227);浙江省农业科学院青年人才培养项目(2016R25R08E01);杭州市科技计划引导项目(20163501Y79);国家麻类产业技术体系(CARS-16-S05)共同资助

摘　　要：亚麻是一年生、双子叶、自花授粉的韧皮纤维植物,可分为纤维用、油用和油纤兼用三种类型,广泛用于纺织、造纸、食品、重金属污染土壤修复等方面,开展亚麻育种研究对生态保护、满足人们天然纤维需求及优质健康亚麻油需求具有重要作用。基因工程手段是将从不同的生物中分离克隆获得的或人工合成的优质基因导入植物基因组中,该方法也被应用于亚麻育种研究。本研究总结了近年来国内外亚麻基因工程的研究进展。主要集中在以下几个方面:(1)亚麻转基因遗传转化体系的建立;(2)关于纤维品质改善的转基因亚麻研究;(3)关于抗除草剂和抗病的转基因亚麻研究;(4)关于种子品质提高的转基因亚麻研究;(5)关于抗重金属的转基因亚麻研究。针对基因工程在亚麻上应用的不足,提出了培育具有优良目标性状的环保型转基因亚麻的建议。Flax is an annual, dicotyledonous, self-pollinating bast fiber plant. It can be divided into three types:fiber, oil and oil fiber. It is widely used in textile, paper, food, heavy metal contaminated soil restoration, etc. Breeding research plays an important role in ecological protection, meeting people’s natural fiber needs and demand for quality and healthy linseed oil. The genetic engineering method is to introduce high-quality genes obtained from different organisms and cloned or artificially synthesized into the plant genome, and the method is also applied to flax breeding research. Recent researches on genetic engineering of flax were reviewed in this paper. They mainly concentrate in:(1) Establishment of transgenic system of flax;(2) Transgenic flax with improved fiber quality;(3) Disease-resistant and herbicide-resistant transgenic flax;(4) Transgenic flax with improved seed quality;(5) Heavy metal-resistant transgenic flax. With respect to application shortages of transgenic engineering in flax, it is suggested to cultivate environmental-friendly transgenic flax which conform to market demand and have excellent target properties by using biotechniques.

关 键 词：亚麻(Linum usitatissimum) 基因工程 韧皮纤维作物 

分 类 号：TS1[轻工技术与工程—纺织科学与工程]