功用义对关系小句结构类型和解读倾向的影响——从现代汉语工具、材料、处所成分关系化的限制条件谈起  

The role of telic features in the formation and interpretation of relative clauses:Constraints on oblique relativization in Mandarin Chinese

作　　者：寇鑫 袁毓林[2] KOU Xin;YUAN Yulin

机构地区：[1]山东大学文学院 [2]北京大学中文系/中国语言学研究中心/计算语言学教育部重点实验室

出　　处：《中国语文》2019年第6期693-708,767,共17页Studies of the Chinese Language

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大研究项目“汉语意合语法框架下的词汇语义知识表示及其计算系统研究”(项目编号:18JJD740003);国家社科基金重大项目“基于‘互联网+’的国际汉语教学资源与智慧教育平台研究”(项目编号:18ZDA295)的资助

摘　　要：现代汉语旁格成分关系化时,会形成两类结构不同的关系小句:工具、材料、处所成分可以实现为无标记旁格关系句,其他旁格成分则需要采用代词复指策略形成有格标记的关系句。工具、材料和处所成分的关系化存在多种类型,本文重点分析了其中无标记旁格关系句的句法、语义限制,发现这三类关系小句均倾向于表达非过程性的抽象事件;小句描述的事件和名词中心语之间要求能够建立符合常规经验的功用关系。功用义在范畴化上的凸显性对关系小句的句法类型具有重要影响,根据能否取得功用义解读,旁格关系句可以分为无标记关系句和代词复指关系句两类,部分能够取得功用义解读的伴随成分也可以生成无标记关系句。功用义在名词范畴化中的重要作用也系统地影响了关系小句的语义解读倾向:凡是具有功用义的关系小句都会优先识解为个体修饰语。Although most obliques in Mandarin Chinese are relativized by means of resumptive pronouns,the arguments for the expression of instrument,material and location,which have also been regarded as obliques,can be relativized by taking the gap strategy.Among the various types of relativization of the arguments for instrument,material and location,those without case markers are the main focus of this paper.It is noticed that the syntactic and semantic constraints of such unmarked relative clauses are consistent.Besides,the head noun and the verb in the relative clauses are often in instrument/material/location-purpose relation.Based on the syntactic and semantic analysis of these relative clauses,and the discussions on their formation patterns,this paper suggests that telicity plays an important role in the formation of relative clauses expressing instrument,material and location.Moreover,evidence from the relativization of comitative and the interpretation tendency of subjective and objective relative clauses demonstrates that features on telicity are pivotal in the formation and interpretation of these relative clauses.

关 键 词：旁格 关系化 关系小句 功用义 个体修饰语 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]