不同秸秆还田方式配施氮肥对麦田碳平衡的影响  

Effect of Combination of Different Straw Returning Methods with N Application on Carbon Balance of Wheat Field

作　　者：马建辉[1] 黄培新[1] 姜丽娜[1] 赵凌霄 李春喜[1] MA Jianhui;HUANG Peixin;JIANG Li’na;ZHAO Lingxiao;LI Chunxi(College of Life Sciences,Henan Normal University,Xinxiang 453007,China)

机构地区：[1]河南师范大学生命科学学院

出　　处：《河南农业科学》2019年第11期62-69,共8页Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：“十三五”国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0301101,2016YFD0300203-3);国家科技支撑计划(2013BAD07B14,2012BAD14B08)

摘　　要：为了明确不同秸秆还田方式配施氮肥对麦田碳汇能力的影响,研究玉米秸秆全量直接还田配施氮肥(0、260 kg/hm^2)和全量过牛腹还田配施氮肥(260、220、190 kg/hm^2)条件下麦田土壤呼吸速率、小麦植株固碳量,分析麦田碳平衡状况。结果表明,施氮显著增加了小麦植株干质量、固碳量和根系呼吸、微生物呼吸、总呼吸碳排放量;相同施氮量(260 kg/hm^2)条件下,秸秆过牛腹还田处理较秸秆直接还田处理显著增加了小麦植株固碳量,从而增强了麦田碳汇能力,净生态系统生产力(NEP)为0.14 kg/m^2。秸秆过牛腹还田配施氮肥220 kg/hm^2处理碳汇能力较弱,NEP为0.05 kg/m^2;秸秆过牛腹还田配施氮肥260、190 kg/hm^2处理碳汇能力均较强,NEP分别为0.14、0.13 kg/m^2,且260 kg/hm^2氮肥处理籽粒产量高于其他处理。综合考虑农业生产生态效益和作物产量,豫北地区麦田推荐玉米秸秆还田方式为全量过牛腹还田,且施氮量为260 kg/hm^2。In order to investigate the effect of combination of different straw returning methods with N application on carbon sequestration capacity of wheat field,different N levels were set up on the basis of all the maize straw returning by direct straw incorporation and abdomen-digested straw incorporation,the soil respiration rate and carbon storage of wheat plant were determined,and the carbon balance of wheat field were analyzed.The experiment was composed of five treatments.On the basis of all the maize straw returning by direct straw incorporation,the experiment was composed of two N levels of 0,260 kg/ha.On the basis of all the maize straw returning by abdomen-digested straw incorporation,the experiment was composed of three N levels of 260,220,190 kg/ha.The results showed that N application significantly increased dry matter accumulation and carbon storage of wheat plant,and the carbon emission of total soil respiration,root respiration and microbial respiration;under the treatments with the same N application rate(260 kg/ha),compared with the direct straw incorporation,the carbon storage of wheat plant significantly increased under straw returning by abdomen-digested straw incorporation,thus improving the carbon sequestration capacity of wheat field,and the net ecosystem productivity was 0.14 kg/m^2.Under abdomen-digested straw incorporation,the treatment with 220 kg/ha N had lower carbon sequestration capacity with the net ecosystem productivity of 0.05 kg/m^2;the treatments with 260,190 kg/ha N had higher carbon sequestration capacity,the net ecosystem productivities were 0.14,0.13 kg/m^2 respectively,and the treatment with 260 kg/ha N under abdomen-digested straw incorporation had the highest grain yield.To improve the ecological benefit and wheat yield,the treatment with 260 kg/ha N under abdomen-digested straw incorporation was recommended in north Henan Province.

关 键 词：麦田 秸秆还田方式 全量过牛腹还田 配施氮肥 碳排放量 固碳量 碳平衡 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S181