马铃薯真菌病害拮抗菌株鉴定及初步应用  

Identification and Preliminary Application of Antagonistic Strains Against Potato Fungal Diseases

作　　者：杨帆 张飞燕[2] 孙劲冲[2] 刘双 刘洪伟[2] 张丽萍[2] 胡滨[1] YANG Fan;ZHANG Fei-yan;SUN Jin-chong;LIU Shuang;LIU Hong-wei;ZHANG Li-ping;HU Bin(Hebei University of Technology,Tianjin 300130,China;Institute of Biology,Hebei Academy of Science,Shijiazhuang 050081,Hebei,China;Hebei Animal Husbandry Station,Shijiazhuang 071000,Hebei,China)

机构地区：[1]河北工业大学化工学院,天津300130 [2]河北省科学院生物研究所,河北石家庄050081 [3]河北省畜牧站,河北石家庄071000

出　　处：《中国蔬菜》2019年第11期56-62,共7页China Vegetables

基　　金：河北省科技计划项目(17222906D);河北省科学院重点项目(18310)

摘　　要：针对马铃薯真菌病害发生严重、多种病害混合发生、缺乏安全有效防治方法的问题,对前期筛选出的高效拮抗菌株BA-26进行分类鉴定,研究其胞外代谢产物的稳定性,明确防病促生作用。通过形态特征、生理生化特性鉴定以及16S rDNA序列分析,BA-26菌株为解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens),该菌株对8种马铃薯病原真菌均表现出较强的拮抗作用,对茄链格孢菌(Alternaria solani)、茄病镰刀菌(Fusarium solani)、燕麦镰刀菌(Fusarium avenaceum)的抑菌率大于80%;胞外代谢产物经100℃处理30 min、紫外照射8 h、pH 2~10酸碱处理、蛋白酶处理1 h后,相对抑菌率均维持在80%以上;室内抑菌活性测定结果表明BA-26滤液对茄病镰刀菌的抑制率为91.3%;盆栽试验中,每盆施用20 mL浓度为4.0×109 cfu·mL-1的BA-26发酵液使马铃薯根长、须根数、株高、叶片中叶绿素含量分别显著增加32.07%、111.94%、48.0%、19.6%。表明解淀粉芽孢杆菌BA-26对马铃薯真菌病害抑菌谱宽,胞外代谢产物稳定性强,有较强的防病促生作用,具有开发为马铃薯专用生防菌剂的潜力。Aiming at the issues of serious occurrence of potato fungal diseases,mixed occurrence of various diseases,lacking effective control methods,this paper classified and identified highly effective antagonistic strain BA-26 screened out at earlier stage,studied the stability of its extracellular metabolites,and clarified its role on preventing disease and promoting growth.BA-26 strain was identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens,through analyzing morphologic characteristics,physiological and biochemical properties,and 16 S rDNA sequence analysis.This strain showed strong antagonistic effects on 8 potato pathogenic fungus,and its inhibition ratio against Alternaria solani,Fusarium solani and Fusarium avenaceum was over 80%.After treating the extracellular metabolites by 100 ℃ for 30 min,UV irradiation for 8 hours,pH 2-10 acid-base,and protease for an hour,its relative antibacterial activities were all maintained above 80%. Laboratory test of bacteriostatic activity showed that the inhibition ratio of BA-26 filtrate against Fusarium solani was 91.3%.In pot experiment,the potato root length,fibrous root number,plant height and chlorophyll content in leaves were significantly increased by 32.07%,111.94%,48.0% and 19.6%,respectively by applying BA-26 fermentation broth with 20 mL concentration of 4.0×109 cfu·mL-1 per pot.The results indicated that B. amyloliquefaciens BA-26 had broad bacteriostasis spectrum,strong stability of extracellular metabolites,and good disease prevention and growth promotion effect,having great potential for developing biocontrol agent exclusively for potato.

关 键 词：马铃薯 真菌病害 鉴定 稳定性 促生 

分 类 号：S43[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]