周代的臣鬲与陪台——兼论穆王修刑与以刑辅德  

THE CHEN LI AND PEITAI OF THE ZHOU DYNASTY——ALSO ON KING MU’S MAKING OF PUNISHMENTS AND AIDING VIRTUES BY PUNISHMENTS

作　　者：冯时[1] Feng Shi

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院考古研究所

出　　处：《考古学报》2019年第4期479-502,共24页Acta Archaeologica Sinica

摘　　要：郭沫若先生首倡西周奴隶制,在其多部著作中,郭老对这一关乎中国历史的重大问题进行了深入研究,其广泛利用商代甲骨文和西周金文史料,对商周时代的奴隶考辨分析,特别是所撰《中国古代社会研究》一书中的多篇论述,系统揭示了商周奴隶的基本史实。诚然,西周奴[1]彭裕商、韩文博、田国励:《商周青铜盉研究》,《考古学报》2018年第4期。The issue of slaves is an important research topic on the history of politics of the Western Zhou Dynasty,which is related not only to the recognition of the nature of the society at that time but alsodirectly to the reconstruction of the history of the Western Zhou Dynasty. Based on systematic explorations to the relevant issues with the reference to the bronze inscription materials of the Western Zhou Dynasty,this paper puts forward some new viewpoints. Slaves,including pu( servants),yu( charioteers or grooms),baigong( artisans of all categories),mu( shepherds),yong( retainers)and chen qie( personal menservants and maids),were indispensable labors for the slave-owners and aristocrats to maintain their normal lives;among them,the pu,yu,baigong and mu were collectively called renli 人鬲 or li 鬲,and in the historical writings,they were collectively called peitai 陪台( retainers),whose works were laborious and disgraceful. The status of the pu was the lowest,who were sometimes decorated with tails to show their baseness,and they also took the largest number;the yu had relatively higher status;yong were mostly captives seized in the warfare. Chen and qie had their own households and their descendants would succeed their duties,and their statuses were much higher than that of the renli. The main resources of slaves in the Western Zhou Dynasty were prisoners of war or enslaved criminals,and the main approaches of the aristocrats to get slaves were awarding,trading or capturing in the war,so their ownership to these slaves was clear,and naturally the safety of the slaves was also the duty of the slave-owners. First,this paper made detailed examinations and interpretations to the inscriptions of the Western Zhou bronze vessels Ba Ji 霸姬 Pan-basin and Ba Ji He-pitcher,and Guo Youcong攸从 Ding-tripod,by which the historical fact that the slave-owners brought their dispute on the ownerships of fugitive slaves to court. Since the reign of King Mu of the Western Zhou Dynasty,the fleeing of slaves became a widely s

关 键 词：商代甲骨文 商周时代 穆王 西周金文 《中国古代社会研究》 郭沫若先生 基本史实 奴隶 

分 类 号：K87[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]