高砷煤矿酸性废水影响的水库流域水体和沉积物汞污染特征  

Severely mercury contaminated reservoir water body and high-As coal mine area with acid mine drainage

作　　者：曹星星[1,2,3] 吴攀 周少奇[1,2,4,5] 谢峰[1] 荣嵘 CAO Xing-xing;WU Pan;ZHOU Shao-qi;XIE Feng;RONG Rong(Guizhou Academy of Testing and Analysis,Guizhou Academy of Sciences,Guiyang 550014,China;College of Resource and Environmental Engineering,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China;Key Laboratory of Karst Environment and Geohazard Prevention,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China;College of Environment and Energy,South China University of Technology,Guangzhou 510006,China;State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Building Sciences,South China University of Technology,Guangzhou 510641,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州科学院贵州省分析测试研究院,贵阳550014 [2]贵州大学资源与环境工程学院,贵阳550025 [3]贵州大学喀斯特环境与地质灾害国土部重点实验室,贵阳550025 [4]华南理工大学环境与能源学院,广州510006 [5]华南理工大学亚热带建筑科学国家重点实验室,广州510640

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2019年第5期1793-1802,共10页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金委员会-贵州省喀斯特科学研究中心项目(U1612442);中国博士后科学基金项目(2017M623071);国土资源部喀斯特环境与地质灾害重点实验室开放课题项目(KST2017K06)

摘　　要：贵州黔西南高砷煤矿区是我国主要的富汞煤分布区,以贵州兴仁县高砷煤矿区猫石头水库为研究对象,利用冷原子荧光光谱法对入库河水和水库水中汞的质量浓度、河流及水库沉积物中汞质量比进行了测定,从而获得高砷煤矿区地表水体中汞的赋存形态、沉积物汞污染状况,并应用地累积指数法、潜在生态风险指数法对沉积物汞的生态风险进行了评价。结果表明,入库河水中总汞质量浓度在17. 19~89. 77 ng/L变化,颗粒态汞平均占比总汞的56. 9%。河流沉积物中总汞质量比为155. 52~5 644. 72 ng/g,处于无至极强污染级别,生态风险为中等至极强,且从上游至下游河流沉积物中汞质量比呈逐渐增加趋势,地积累指数和生态风险系数也随之增加。水库表层水总汞质量浓度为120. 36 ng/L,以颗粒态为主,底层水总汞质量浓度为613. 04 ng/L,以溶解态为主。水库上游和下游沉积物柱中汞平均质量比分别为(8 455. 23±2 010. 18) ng/g和(8 056. 65±1 887. 04) ng/g,水库沉积物汞污染程度处于极强级别,具有极强的生态风险。The present paper has chosen Maoshitou reservoir in the high-As coal mine area of Xingren County,Guizhou Province,as the research target for the mercury contamination. In our paper,we have first of all taken the biological species in an inflow river and reservoir waters as our research goal. As a matter of fact,the said inflow river and reservoir waters in the river and reservoir sediment,have been unfortunately heavily polluted and contaminated due to the longtime contamination of the mercury,it is,therefore,of great urgency to trace and determine the contamination level and potential ecological risks caused by the mercury in sediments to the environment. Since the high-As coal mine in the southwest Guizhou is known as an area extremely rich in mercury in the country,mercury has turned up to be one of the chief geo-accumulation indexes and the potential ecological risk contributor. The results of our study show that the particulate mercury content in the inflow water of the river turn out to be as high as to 56. 9% of the total mercury in 17. 19-89. 77 ng/L,and the total mercury content in the river sediment turns to be 155. 52-5 644. 72 ng/g,that is,equal to 1. 4-51 times of the local background content rate of the soil,and,what is worse,the mercury content rate in the sediments from the upstream to the downstream of the river has been gradually increasing. And,in terms of the total mercury content in the surface reservoir water,the rate comes to 120. 36 ng/L,which is dominated by the particulate matter,whereas the total mercury content rate of the bottom reservoir water accounts for 613. 04 ng/L,which is mainly existing in a dissolved form. Against it,the mercury content rates in the upper and lower sediments of the reservoir have been found equal to( 8 455. 23 ± 2 010. 18) ng/g,and( 8 056. 65 ±1 887. 04) ng/g,which accounts for 30-111 times as much of the local background value of the soil. Needless to say,the content rate of mercury is surprisingly higher than that of the other lakes and reservoirs both at

关 键 词：环境科学技术基础学科 汞 高砷煤 酸性矿山排水 沉积物 

分 类 号：X142[环境科学与工程—环境科学]