某汽车整车制造企业男性工人噪声性高频听力损失的影响因素分析  

Analysis of factors affecting the noise-induced high frequency hearing loss of male workers in a vehicle manufacturing enterprise

作　　者：李嘉辉 陶志民 阮燕梅 黄丽丽[4] 段传伟[4] 王致 Li Jiahui;Tao Zhimin;Ruan Yanmei;Huang Lili;Duan Chuanwei;Wang Zhi(Guangzhou Twelfth People's Hospital,Guangzhou Medical University,Guangzhou 510620,China;Jiangmen Institute of Occupational Disease Prevention and Control,Jiangmen 529020,China;Sanxiang Hospital of Zhongshan,Zhongshan 528463,China;Guangzhou Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment Hospital,Guangzhou 510620,China)

机构地区：[1]广州医科大学附属市十二人民医院,510620 [2]江门市职业病防治所,529020 [3]中山市三乡医院,528463 [4]广州市职业病防治院,510620

出　　处：《中华劳动卫生职业病杂志》2019年第10期760-764,共5页Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases

基　　金：广州市卫生计生科技重大项目(20181A031001);广州市医学重点学科建设项目(穗卫科教[2016]27号)。

摘　　要：目的探讨汽车整车制造企业男性工人噪声性高频听力损失的影响因素。方法2017年6至11月,采用方便抽样方法,选择广州市汽车整车制造企业从事机械制造加工作业≥1年的接触噪声危害的1579名男性工人为研究对象。根据听力检查结果分为高频听力损失组276人和听力正常组1303人,对其进行问卷调查、职业健康检查,测量其工作场所噪声强度,计算累积噪声暴露量(CNE),分析汽车整车制造企业工人噪声作业高频听力损失的影响因素。结果与听力正常组比较,高频听力损失组工人的噪声暴露强度、年龄、接噪工龄、婚姻状况、上班工作制、体育锻炼情况差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。通过logistic回归分析,校正有机溶剂接触、婚姻状况、体育锻炼方面的影响后,CNE、年龄、轮班作业(二班制、三班制)是高频听力损失发生的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论整车制造行业接触噪声工人罹患高频听力损失风险可能与轮班作业存在相关性,两班制和三班制作业可能是噪声性高频听力损失发生的危险因素。Objective To analyze the relationships between the exposure of occupational noise and the occurrence of noise-induced high frequency hearing loss in automobile manufacturing industry.Methods From June to November 2017,1579 male workers were selected for exposure to noise hazards in the automobile manufacturing industry in Guangzhou for more than one year(including one year)using the convenient sampling method.According to the hearing test results,276 people in the high frequency hearing loss group and 1303 in the normal hearing group were surveyed,occupational health tests were conducted,and the noise intensity in the workplace was measured.The cumulative noise exposure(CNE)was calculated.The relationship between shift work and high frequency hearing loss of noise work is analyzed.Results Compared with the normal hearing group,the noise exposure intensity,age,length of service,marital status,working system,and physical exercise of the high frequency hearing loss group were statistically significant(P<0.05).Through logistic regression analysis,after correcting the effects of organic solvent contact,marital status,and physical exercise,CNE,age,and shift operations(double-shift operations,three-shift operations)are the risk factors for high frequency hearing loss to occur.Conclusion The risk of hearing loss of workers exposed to noise in the whole vehicle manufacturing industry may be related to CNE,age,and shift work.Two-shift and three-shift work are possible risk factors for noise-induced high frequency hearing loss.

关 键 词：噪声 职业性 听力损失 汽车制造 累积噪声暴露量 轮班作业 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]