职业接触噪声工人的听力自我保护行为及影响因素分析  

The hearing self-protection behavior and internal factors of workers exposured to occupational noise

作　　者：杨杰[1] 刘诚 兰亚佳[1] 他卉 王永伟[3] Yang Jie;Liu Cheng;Lan Yajia;Ta Hui;Wang Yongwei(Department of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine,West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610041,China;Chengdu Aircraft Industrial(Group)Co.,Ltd,Chengdu 610031,China;Department of Occupational Risk Assessment,West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital,Chengdu 610041,China)

机构地区：[1]四川大学华西公共卫生学院/四川大学华西第四医院环境卫生与职业医学系,成都610041 [2]成都飞机工业(集团)有限责任公司,610031 [3]四川大学华西公共卫生学院/四川大学华西第四医院职业危害评价科,成都610041

出　　处：《中华劳动卫生职业病杂志》2019年第10期773-777,共5页Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases

摘　　要：目的分析某飞机制造业职业接触噪声工人听力自我保护行为及其影响因素,为进一步制定健康促进方案和实施干预措施提供参考依据。方法于2018年4月,采用整群抽样的方法从某飞机制造企业10个单位共抽取一线接噪工人1600人,收集工人的一般情况和职业特征信息,并根据健康信念模型设计接噪工人听力自我保护行为评估量表,调查工人听力自我保护行为模式及其影响因素。结果不同听力自我保护行为类型接噪工人感知严重性、感知益处、感知障碍、自我效能和行动诱因得分差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。不同性别、年龄、文化程度、工龄、初次接噪年龄和累计接噪时间工人的听力自我保护行为类型分布差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。接噪工人感知益处、感知障碍、行为诱因和自我效能得分及文化程度均与听力自我保护行为类型有关(P<0.05)。结论文化程度以及健康信念模型可能对接噪工人听力自我保护行为有影响,应更加重视对高文化程度员工佩戴听力防护用品行为的监督。Objective To analyze the hearing self-protection behavior patterns and internal factors of workers exposured to occupational noise in an aircraft manufacturing industry based on health belief model,so as to provide reference for further health promotion programs and intervention measures.Methods A total of 1600 front-line workers were selected from 10 units of an aircraft manufacturing enterprise by cluster sampling method.The basic and occupational information of employees were collected,and a self-reported questionnaire was designed according to the health belief model to acquire the hearing self-protection behaviors of workers.Results There were significant differences in the perceived severity,perceived benefit,perceived impairment,self-efficacy and behavioral incentive scores of different hearing self-protection behaviors among the noise-causing workers(P<0.05).There were significant differences in the distribution of hearing self-protection behaviors among different genders,ages,education levels,length of service,initial noise exposure time and cumulative noise reception time(P<0.05).The perceived benefits,perceived barriers,behavioral incentives,self-efficacy scores,and educational attainment of the noise-causing workers were all related to the type of hearing self-protection behavior(P<0.05).Conclusion The educational level and health belief model can predict the hearing self-protection behavior patterns of front-line workers to some extent,more attention should be paid to the monitoring of the well-educated employees.

关 键 词：噪声 职业性 听力防护 健康信念模型 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]