汉中市燃煤污染型氟中毒病区改炉改灶12年效果评价  

Evaluation of 12-year effect of changing furnace to kitchen in coal-burning contaminated fluorosis area in Hanzhong city

作　　者：李家兴[1] 范中学[2] 黄远飞 何安凤 李晓茜[2] 韩亦非[1] 徐宝汉[1] 李千玲[1] LI Jiaxing;FAN Zhongxue;HUANG Yuanfei;HE Anfeng;LI Xiaoqian;HAN Yifei;XU Baohan;LI Qianling(Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Hanzhong City,Shaanxi Province,Hanzhong 723000;Shaanxi Institute of Endemic Disease Prevention and Control,Xi'an 710003;Shaanxi Zhenba County Disease Prevention and Control Center,Zhenba 723600)

机构地区：[1]陕西省汉中市疾病预防控制中心,陕西汉中723000 [2]陕西省地方病防治研究所,陕西西安710003 [3]陕西省镇巴县疾病预防控制中心,陕西镇巴723600

出　　处：《国外医学（医学地理分册）》2019年第4期347-349,共3页Foreign Medical Sciences：Section of Medgeography

摘　　要：目的了解汉中市燃煤污染型氟中毒病区改炉改灶12年后儿童氟斑牙病情现状、居民防氟炉灶使用和相关行为形成情况及评价其防治效果。方法2018年在汉中市辖区镇巴县的42个燃煤型氟中毒病区随机抽取8个行政村进行调查。在抽中的每个病区村各随机抽取10户家庭,调查炉灶使用及相关行为转变情况;在8个调查村中随机选择3个村对所有8~12岁学生进行氟斑牙患病调查,并在每个村随机抽取50名学生进行尿氟含量测定。结果80户家庭均采取了不同形式的防氟措施,防氟炉具使用呈现多元化,改良炉灶使用率大幅下降,清洁能源得到了快速普及,使用率达到98%以上,正在使用的改良炉、改良灶的合格率和正确使用率均为100%,玉米辣椒的正确干燥率和保管率均在95%以上,玉米、辣椒食用前的淘洗率均在95%以上;儿童氟斑牙检查210人,检出率1.43%,氟斑牙指数0.04,显示氟斑牙未达到流行状态;共采集儿童尿样150份,尿氟在0.05~0.68 mg/L之间,几何均值为0.18 mg/L。结论汉中市燃煤型氟中毒病区改炉改灶12年防治成效显著,病区已达消除水平。持续加强健康教育、全面推广清洁能源的使用和开展病情监测是巩固防治成效的有效措施。Objective To understand the status quo of dental fluorosis in children,the use of fluoride-resistant stoves in residents and the formation of related behaviors after 12 years of changing stoves to stoves in coal-burning contaminated fluorosis areas in Hanzhong city,and to evaluate the prevention effect.Methods A survey was conducted in 8 villages randomly selected from 42 coal-burning fluorosis areas in Zhenba county,Hanzhong city in 2018.Ten families were randomly selected from each village in the smoking area to investigate the use of stoves and changes in related behaviors.Three villages were randomly selected from 8 investigation villages to carry out dental fluorosis survey on all students aged 8-12 years old,and 50 students were randomly selected from each village to carry out urine fluorine content determination.Results All 80 households adopted different forms of fluoride prevention measures.The use of fluoride prevention stoves was diversified,the utilization rate of improved stoves decreased significantly,and clean energy was rapidly popularized,reaching more than 98%.The qualified rate and correct utilization rate of the improved stoves and stoves in use were 100%,the correct drying rate and storage rate of corn and chili were above 95%,and the washing rate of corn and chili before eating were above 95%.Dental fluorosis was detected in 210 children with a detection rate of 1.43%and dental fluorosis index of 0.04,indicating that dental fluorosis did not reach epidemic status.A total of 150 urine samples of children were collected,with urine fluoride ranging from 0.05 mg/L to 0.68 mg/L and geometric mean of 0.18 mg/L.Conclusion The prevention and control effect of changing stove to stove in coal-burning fluorosis area in Hanzhong city has been remarkable for 12 years,and the area has reached the elimination level.Continuing to strengthen health education,comprehensively promoting the use of clean energy and carrying out disease surveillance are effective measures to consolidate the prevention and control

关 键 词：燃煤型 氟中毒 改炉改灶 健康教育 清洁能源 

分 类 号：R157[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]