不同有机物配比基质及生活污水灌溉量下生菜的生长与品质差异  

Differences in growth and quality of lettuce cultivated on varied organic substrate ratios and domestic sewage irrigation amounts

作　　者：李贵春[1] 唐政[1] 包敏辉 黎小椿 黄友雪 苏辉兰[2] 李忠芳[2] LI Gui-chun;TANG Zheng;BAO Min-hui;LI Xiao-chun;HUANG You-xue;SU Hui-lan;LI Zhong-fang(Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;College of Food and Bioengineering,Hezhou University,Hezhou,Guangxi 542899,China;Agricultural Research Institute of Beihai,Beihai,Guangxi 536000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,北京100081 [2]贺州学院食品与生物工程学院,广西贺州542899 [3]北海市农业科学研究所,广西北海536000

出　　处：《南方农业学报》2019年第10期2257-2262,共6页Journal of Southern Agriculture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目（41661073）;广西自然科学基金项目（2016GXNSFAA380160）;广西高等学校高水平创新团队及卓越学者计划项目（桂教人〔2018〕35号）;贺州学院2016教授启动基金项目（HZUJS201611）

摘　　要：【目的】研究不同有机物配比基质及生活污水灌溉量下栽培生菜的品质差异,为无土栽培生产蔬菜过程中合理利用生活污水,节约生产成本,实现农业可持续发展提供科学依据。【方法】以甘蔗渣、草炭、蛭石和珍珠岩为原料,按不同体积比(蔗渣∶草炭∶蛭石∶珍珠岩=3∶3∶1∶1,5∶3∶1∶1,7∶3∶1∶1)混合成3种配比的基质,对比分析不同生活污水灌溉量(2.250、3.375和4.500 L)对无土栽培生菜生长效应的影响。【结果】生活污水灌溉量对不同基质栽培的生菜生长及品质有明显影响,中等灌溉量(3.375 L)及中量蔗渣配比(5∶3∶1∶1)下,生菜鲜重和可溶性糖含量显著高于其他处理(P<0.05,下同)。生菜无土栽培的最佳基质配方为甘蔗渣∶草炭∶蛭石∶珍珠岩之比为5∶3∶1∶1,在该基质配方下,生活污水灌溉总量为3.375 L时,生菜的鲜重(19.88 g/株)、可溶性糖含量最高(33.46 mg/kgFW),而当灌溉总量为4.500 L时生菜生长期叶绿素含量最高(0.8547 mg/gFW)。各指标的相关性分析结果表明,生菜鲜重与可溶性糖含量呈显著正相关,叶绿素含量与硝酸盐含量呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),表明关键内含物与生长性状间的协同促进作用。生活污水灌溉会造成植株硝酸盐含量增加,完全污水灌溉无土栽培生菜硝酸盐含量高达2560.73 mg/kgFW。【结论】谨慎使用生活污水灌溉,合理有机物配比下可提高蔬菜产量。生菜的可溶性糖和叶绿素含量是其生长状况的关键指标。【Objective】By studying the differences in the quality of cultivated lettuce under different organic substrate ratios and domestic sewage irrigation amounts,it would provide reference for utilizing domestic sewage,saving production costs during soilless culture and realizing sustainable development of agriculture.【Method】With bagasse,peat,vermiculite and perlite as raw materials,according to the different volume ratios(bagasse∶peat∶vermiculite∶perlite=3∶3∶1∶1,5∶3∶1∶1,7∶3∶1∶1),they were mixed into three kinds of matrixes,the different effects of sewage irrigation amount on soilless cultivation of lettuce growth were studied.【Result】The amount of domestic sewage irrigation had a significant effect on the growth and quality of lettuce growing on different substrates.The fresh weight and soluble sugar content of vegetables under medium irrigation(3.375 L)and medium bagasse ratio(5∶3∶1∶1)were significantly higher than those under other treatments(P<0.05,the same below).The analysis showed that the optimal formula for soilless culture of lettuce was:The ratio of substrate bagasse∶peat∶vermiculite∶perlite was 5∶3∶1∶1.Under this substrate ratios,when the total amount of domestic sewage irrigation was 3.375 L,the fresh weight(19.88 g/plant)and soluble sugar content(33.46 mg/kgFW)of lettuce were the highest.When the total growth time of lettuce was 4.500 L,the content of chlorophyll(0.8547 mg/gFW)was the highest.Correlation analysis of each index showed that there was a significant positive correlation between fresh weight and soluble sugar,and extremely positive correlation between chlorophyll content and nitrate content in lettuce,indicating synergistic effect between key inclusions and growth traits.Irrigation of domestic sewage would increase the nitrate content of the plant,and the nitrate content of the soilless lettuce in the complete sewage irrigation was as high as 2560.73 mg/kgFW.【Conclusion】Careful use of domestic sewage irrigation and reasonable biomass c

关 键 词：生菜 有机物基质 配比 生活污水灌溉 安全生产 

分 类 号：S636.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]