江苏典型中华绒螯蟹养殖区抗生素污染特征与生态风险评估  

Contamination Characteristics and Ecological Risk Assessment of Antibiotics in Typical Eriocheir sinensis Aquaculture Environments of Jiangsu Province

作　　者：方昊 余军楠 王智峰 丁程成 夏伟 赵澄 袁和忠[1] 王壮[1] 王瑟 崔益斌 FANG Hao;YU Jun-nan;WANG Zhi-feng;DING Cheng-cheng;XIA Wei;ZHAO Cheng;YUAN He-zhong;WANG Zhuang;WANG Se;CUI Yi-bin(School of Environmental Science and Engineering,Nanjing University of Information Science&Technology,Nanjing 210044,China;Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences,Ministry of Ecology and Environment,Nanjing 210042,China;Langxi County Meteorological Bureau in Anhui Province,Langxi 242100,China)

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学环境科学与工程学院,江苏南京210044 [2]生态环境部南京环境科学研究所,江苏南京210042 [3]安徽省郎溪县气象局,安徽宣城242100

出　　处：《生态与农村环境学报》2019年第11期1436-1444,共9页Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment

基　　金：江苏省自然科学基金(BK20170948);江苏省高等学校自然科学研究面上项目(17KJB610007);国家自然科学基金(31572623,41503099);江苏省大学生实践创新训练计划项目(201710300086X);南京信息工程大学人才启动经费项目(2014r020)

摘　　要：为评价江苏典型中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)养殖区抗生素污染水平和生态风险,利用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱仪(UPLC-MS/MS)分别检测了江苏高淳和金坛4个中华绒螯蟹养殖塘水体和沉积物中大环内酯类、四环素类、β-内酰胺类、喹诺酮类和磺胺类5类抗生素水平。结果表明:研究区中华绒螯蟹养殖水体中均存在一定程度的抗生素污染。高淳养殖水体中污染物主要为喹诺酮类、四环素类和大环内酯类抗生素,而金坛养殖水体中5类抗生素分布均匀。4个养殖塘中,养殖塘GC2水体中抗生素检出浓度最高,主要包括盐酸金霉素(241.99 ng·L^-1)、螺旋霉素(198.53 ng·L^-1)、环丙沙星(168.81 ng·L^-1)、沙拉沙星(165.40 ng·L^-1)、诺氟沙星(126.17 ng·L^-1)、恩诺沙星(117.42 ng·L^-1)和依诺沙星(103.08 ng·L^-1);而沉积物中抗生素含量均较低。水体抗生素浓度与对应的水质指标的相关性分析结果显示,水体克林霉素、强力霉素和青霉素G钠盐浓度与CODMn呈显著相关。采用风险商值法对水体残留抗生素进行风险评估,结果表明江苏高淳和金坛中华绒螯蟹养殖环境中残留抗生素具有一定的生态风险,尤其是养殖塘GC2水体中大环内酯类和喹诺酮类抗生素对相应敏感物种的风险较高,直接影响藻类等浮游植物的生长。建议控制该类抗生素在养殖过程中的使用,以降低生态风险。In order to evaluate the pollution level and ecological risk of antibiotics in the typical Eriocheir sinensis aquaculture environments of Jiangsu Province,the residues of five classes of antibiotics(macrolides,tetracyclines,beta-lactams,quinolones,sulfonamides)in surface water and sediments of four ponds in Gaochun and Jintan were analyzed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS).The results show that there was a certain degree of antibiotic contamination in water of both Gaochun and Jintan Eriocheir sinensis ponds.The main antibiotics in Gaochun water were quinolones,tetracyclines and macrolides,while the five classes of antibiotics were evenly distributed in Jintan water.Among them,residual of antibiotics was the highest in GC2 water,including chlortetracycline hydrochloride(241.99 ng·L^-1),spiramycin(198.53 ng·L^-1),ciprofloxacin(168.81 ng·L^-1),sarafloxacin(165.40 ng·L^-1),norfloxacin(126.17 ng·L^-1),enrofloxacin(117.42 ng·L^-1)and enoxacin(103.08 ng·L^-1).The concentration of antibiotics in sediments was relatively low.Correlation analysis between antibiotic residues and corresponding water pollution indicators show that the residual concentrations of clindamycin,doxycycline,and penicillin G sodium salt were significantly correlated with CODMn.The risk quotients(RQ)indicate that there was a certain extent of ecological risk of antibiotics in the Eriocheir sinensis aquaculture environments of Gaochun and Jintan,especially the macrolide and quinolone antibiotics in GC2,which directly affected the growth of phytoplankton such as algae.The use of antibiotics should be controlled in the breeding process to reduce the ecological risk.

关 键 词：江苏 中华绒螯蟹 抗生素污染特征 生态风险评估 

分 类 号：X171[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X820.4