采前硝普钠喷洒增强厚皮甜瓜果实的采后抗病性  

Pre-harvest sodium nitroprusside sprays enhance resistance against diseases in harvested muskmelons

作　　者：王斌[1,2] 姜红[1,2] 韩占红 郑晓渊[2] 李志程 毕阳 WANG Bin;JIANG Hong;HAN Zhanhong;ZHENG Xiaoyuan;LI Zhicheng;BI Yang(College of Horticulture,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,Gansu,China;College of Food Science and Engineering Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,Gansu,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学园艺学院,兰州730070 [2]甘肃农业大学食品科学与工程学院,兰州730070

出　　处：《果树学报》2019年第11期1558-1565,共8页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：公益性行业（农业）科研专项（201303075）

摘　　要：【目的】研究果实发育期硝普钠(Sodium Nitroprusside,SNP)多次喷洒对采后厚皮甜瓜抗病性、后熟和能量代谢的影响。【方法】以‘玛瑙’厚皮甜瓜为试材,在果实幼果期(花后14 d)、膨大前期(花后21 d)、膨大后期(花后28 d)和成熟期(采前2 d)4个时期分别采用0.5 mmol·L^-1SNP进行喷洒,以清水喷洒作为对照,观察处理对采后果实损伤接种粉红单端孢发病率及病斑直径的影响,测定果实采收及贮藏期间的呼吸速率和乙烯释放量,分析果实苹果酸脱氢酶和琥珀酸脱氢酶活性以及能荷水平的变化。【结果】SNP喷洒有效抑制了采后损伤接种果实的发病率和病斑直径,贮藏6 d时,分别低于对照47.4%和37.4%。SNP处理降低了果实采收时的乙烯释放量,以及贮藏期间果实的呼吸强度和乙烯释放量,并使果实呼吸和乙烯跃变峰的出现推迟了2 d。此外,SNP处理还显著提高了果实贮藏期间苹果酸脱氢酶和琥珀酸脱氢酶的活性,延缓了ATP的下降速率,提高了ADP的含量,维持了果实较高的能荷水平。【结论】果实发育期SNP多次喷洒可有效提高厚皮甜瓜果实的采后抗病性,该作用与一氧化氮延缓果实后熟,增加能量供应,提高能荷水平密切相关。【Objective】Muskmelon is an important cash crop,due to its unique appearance and intrinsic quality.However,postharvest rots of the muskmelon fruit are serious.Several fungi are involved in the decay of muskmelon fruit.Among them,pink rot caused by Trichothecium roseum is a major fungal disease in China.Although pink rot can be effectively controlled by application of chemical fungicides,the excessive use of chemical fungicides will lead to pesticide residues in fruit,pathogen resistance and environmental pollution.Therefore,a new strategy needs to be developed for controlling the rots of postharvest muskmelon fruit.In this study,we evaluated the effects of sodium nitroprusside(SNP)sprays during fruit development on disease resistance against pink rot in harvested muskmelon fruit,and explored their effect on fruit ripening and energy charge level.【Methods】The cultivar‘Manao’was used as material.The plants were sprayed with SNP at 0.5 mmol·L^-1 for four times at the stage of young fruit(14 days after flowering),the early stage of enlargement(21 days after flowering),the late stage of enlargement(28 days after flowering)and the mature stage(2 days before harvest).Fruit with the same maturity,uniform size,with no pests and diseases were selected as experimental materials.The fruit surface was cleaned with running water,then dipped in 2%sodium hypochlorite solution for 2 mins for surface disinfection,and finally rinsed and stored at ambient temperature(25±2℃;RH 55%-60%).T.roseum for inoculation was cultivated in potato dextrose agar(PDA)and preserved in 4℃.The effects of SNP sprays on disease incidence and lesion diameter on the inoculated muskmelon fruit during ambient storage were evaluated.Meanwhile,the respiratory intensity,ethylene production,the activities of malate dehydrogenase(MDH)and succinate dehydrogenase(SDH),and energy change were determined at harvest and during storage.【Results】SNP sprays reduced the decay incidence of harvested muskmelon fruit inoculated with T.roseum,which were 4

关 键 词：厚皮甜瓜 硝普钠 采前喷洒 抗病性 后熟 能量代谢 

分 类 号：S662[农业科学—果树学]