现代俄国自信始于何处：“19世纪俄罗斯文学”起源考  

Where Did the Russian Confidence Start?:A Study on the Origin of the 19th Century Russian Literature

作　　者：林精华[1] Lin Jinghua(the School of Literature,Capital Normal University,Beijing 100089,China)

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学文学院

出　　处：《外国文学研究》2019年第5期75-89,共15页Foreign Literature Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目《剑桥俄罗斯文学（九卷本）翻译与研究》（14ZDB089）;牛津大学欧洲人文中心访问学者项目~~

摘　　要：彼得一世改革肇始了俄国大规模效仿现代欧洲文明之风,以东正教信仰和东斯拉夫民间美学为主体的古罗斯文学,1740年代之后加速让位于翻译文学和模仿欧洲文学的现代俄罗斯文学。但18-19世纪之交,伴随着强调民族国家认同的欧洲浪漫主义运动波及到俄国,尤其是拿破仑以武力推广法国启蒙主义在俄国的失败、试图践行欧洲政治制度的十二党人起义不成功,以及审查制度加强,引发俄国知识界和文坛反思欧洲文明和崇拜欧洲的历史,激发文学艺术家以主体性意识对待欧洲文学,面向俄国市民重新书写历史、想象帝俄不同于欧洲的伟大性,使受法国宫廷影响的贵族审美趣味影响力下降,世俗化流行文学生命力勃发。就这样,文学艺术的生产、流通和消费机制得以重建,并在重建过程中日益彰显俄罗斯帝国之神奇、培育国民对帝俄的认同和文学自信,出现了所谓"19世纪俄罗斯文学"。The reform of Peter initiated an imitation of the modern European civilization on a massive scale in Russia. After 1749, the Old Rus literature, which was mainly characterized by the Russian Orthodox faith and the East Slav folk aesthetics, rapidly yielded its dominance to literature of translation and the modern Russian literature imitated from the European literature. Toward the end of 1900, however, as the European Romanticist movement, which advocated national identity, quickly spread to Russia and, particularly, Napoleon failed in his promotion of French Enlightenment in Russia through military force, the Russian Decembrists, who attempted to install the European political system, were defeated in their revolt and the system of censorship was further intensified. All this made Russian intelligentsia and literary circle to reconsider European civilization and their history of worshiping Europe and inspired Russian writers and artists to treat European literature with subjective consciousness, rewrite history for the Russian people, and imagine the Russian Empire’s greatness as compared to Europe. Soon, the aristocratic aesthetics, which was heavily influenced by the French court, lost its steam, but the secular popular literature gained its great vitality. From then on, the mechanism for literary production, circulation, and consumption was reconstructed with a growing emphasis on displaying the wonder of the Russian Empire, nurturing Russians’ identification with the nation and confidence in its literature, and hence creating the so-called "19 th-cdentury Russian literature."

关 键 词：19世纪俄罗斯文学 浪漫主义俄国化 俄罗斯帝国认同 文学世俗化 

分 类 号：I20[文学—中国文学]