氨化秸秆与苜蓿组合对其营养成分及瘤胃微生物区系的影响  

Effects of combination of ammoniated straw and trifoliate on nutrients and rumen microflora

作　　者：于满满 张美美[1] 孙悠然 谢小来[1] YU Manman;ZHANG Meimei;SUN Youran;XIE Xiaolai(College of Animal Science and Technology,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin,Heilongjiang Province 150030,China)

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学动物科学技术学院

出　　处：《中国饲料》2019年第21期19-25,共7页China Feed

摘　　要：本试验通过体外产气法探讨不同比例快速氨化玉米秸秆(ACS)替代苜蓿(AM)对其营养成分及瘤胃微生物区系的影响,为提高粗饲料利用率和降低饲养成本提供科学依据。结果表明:苜蓿干草和氨化玉米秸秆以100∶0、80∶20、60∶40、50∶50、40∶60、20∶80和0∶100比例进行组合后各组干物质含量相差较小,粗蛋白质、粗脂肪和粗灰分的含量随氨化秸秆添加比例的提高而不断降低,酸性洗涤纤维和中性洗涤纤维的含量随着氨化秸秆添加比例的提高而不断增加;不同比例组合对瘤胃发酵液中产琥珀酸丝状杆菌、黄色瘤胃球菌、白色瘤胃球菌、真菌和原虫相对于总菌的数量产生了不同程度的影响。随着发酵时间的延长,黄色瘤胃球菌和原虫的相对数量显著降低(P <0.05),而产琥珀酸丝状杆菌、白色瘤胃球菌和真菌的相对数量则显著上升(P <0.05),溶纤维丁酸弧菌的相对数量无明显变化。在发酵48 h时,AM∶ACS(20∶80)组的黄色瘤胃球菌和产琥珀酸丝状杆菌的相对数量显著高于其他各组(P <0.05),分别为0.036%和0.26%。20%的苜蓿干草和80%的氨化秸秆组合可有效提高其营养成分的互补,增强瘤胃内主要纤维分解菌的活性,有助于真菌的定植,促进瘤胃微生物的发酵。This experiment used in vitro gas production method to explore the effect of different ratios of rapid ammoniated corn stalk(ACS) replacement alfalfa hay(AM) on its nutrient composition and rumen microflora,and to provide scientific basis for improving the utilization rate of roughage and reducing the cost of feeding.The results showed as follows:The difference of dry matter content among groups was small,when the alfalfa hay and the ammoniated corn stalks were 100∶0,80∶20,60∶40,50∶50,40∶60,20∶80 and 0∶100.The content of crude protein,crude fat,and crude ash decreased with the increase of the ratio of ammoniated straw,and the content of acidic detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber increased with the increase of the proportion of ammoniated straw;Proportional combinations have different degrees of influence on the quantity of Filamentous succinic acid,Yellow rumenococcus,White rumenococcus,fungi and protozoa relative to total bacteria in rumen fermentation broth.With the prolongation of fermentation time,the relative amounts of Yellow rumenococcus and protozoa were significantly decreased(P < 0.05),while the relative amounts of F.succinogenes,R.ruthenica and fungi were significantly increased(P < 0.05).The relative amount of Vibrio butyricum did not change significantly.At 48 h after fermentation,the relative amounts of Yellow rumenococcus and Filamentous succinic acid in the AM∶ACS(20∶80) group were significantly higher than those in the other groups(P < 0.05),which were 0.036% and 0.26%,respectively.In conclusion that the combination of 20% alfalfa hay and 80%ammoniated straw could effectively increase the complement of their nutrients,enhance the activity of the main fiber-decomposing bacteria in the rumen,help to determine the value of fungi,and promote the fermentation of rumen microbes.

关 键 词：苜蓿 氨化秸秆 营养成分 瘤胃微生物 

分 类 号：S816.5[农业科学—饲料科学]