小胶质细胞极化在脑缺血中的研究进展  

Research progress of microglia polarization in ischemic stroke

作　　者：杨程显 包新杰[1] 王任直[1] YANG Chengxian;BAO Xinjie;WANG Renzhi(Department of Neurosurgery,Chinese Academy of Medical SciencePeking Union Medical College Hospital,Beijing100730,China)

机构地区：[1]中国医学科学院北京协和医院神经外科

出　　处：《中国医药导报》2019年第30期34-37,共4页China Medical Herald

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题（2018YFA0108602）

摘　　要：国内外学者积极研发新技术和新药物,希望通过延长治疗时间窗、促进神经再生、降低神经炎性反应等方法改善脑缺血相关症状。尽管学术界和产业界对此投入巨大,近年来却未见突破性转化成果,提示进一步阐明脑缺血发病机制的必要性。在生理状态中,小胶质细胞在监测脑内微环境、促进突触发育、维持突触正常功能和神经可塑性方面发挥重要调节作用。脑缺血可导致小胶质细胞极化,调节小胶质细胞极化后损伤和修复双重功能的平衡被视作重要的脑保护治疗靶点,相关药物在动物实验中具有一定的神经保护作用。本文对小胶质细胞在脑缺血后的极化特征、调节机制和药物研发领域的进展作一综述。The researchers aim to develop new technologies and new drugs,hoping to improve cerebral ischemia related symptoms by extending the therapeutic time window,promoting neurogenesis and reducing neuroinflammation.In recent years,although academic-industrial collaborations have invested a lot in the field of stroke,no breakthrough has been achieved in translational medicine,suggesting that a deeper understanding of the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia is required.In physiological state,microglial plays an important regulatory role in monitoring microenvironment in brain,promoting synaptic development,maintaining normal synaptic function and maintaining neuroplasticity.Cerebral ischemia can lead to microglia polarization.The regulation of the dual function of injury and repair after microglial neuronal polarization are considered an important target for brain protection therapy,and related drugs have shown considerable neuroprotective effect in animal experiments.In this review,the characteristics and regulations of microglia polarization after cerebral ischemia and related drug development are comprehensively reviewed.

关 键 词：小胶质细胞 极化 脑缺血 药物 

分 类 号：R743.3[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]