不同平作种植模式对玉米叶部性状和产量及品质的影响  

Effects of Different Flatten Planting Patterns on Leaf Traits and Yield and Grain Quality of Maize

作　　者：张宇[1] ZHANG Yu(Institute of Maize,Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Harbin 150086,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农业科学院玉米研究所

出　　处：《黑龙江农业科学》2019年第11期19-23,共5页Heilongjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“粮食丰产增效科技创新”重点专项(2018YFD0300103-6)

摘　　要：为优化黑龙江省南部玉米栽培技术,挖掘玉米增产潜力,本试验采用裂区设计,以郑单958为试验材料,主区为8种种植方式,副区为5种密度,研究不同种植方式下叶绿素含量、叶面积指数、品质的变化。结果表明:平作方式中宽窄行A8处理(55 cm+75 cm)叶绿素含量与对照垄作相比提高4.34%。随密度增加叶绿素含量下降,低密度B1(5、250万株·hm^-2)、B2(6.375万株·hm^-2)之间差异不显著,但极显著高于其他密度处理。在各生育期内均提高玉米叶面积的平作方式为A8(55 cm+75 cm)和A7(45 cm+85 cm),喇叭口期提高6.23%和4.16%,抽丝期提高2.95%和2.17%,乳熟期提高2.84%和1.13%;不同密度下,高密度(7.500万株·hm^-2)B3和B4(8.625万株·hm^-2)处理明显提高玉米叶面积。玉米籽粒蛋白质、脂肪、淀粉含量与对照垄作相比分别提高A6(85 cm)1.14%、A4(65 cm)2.27%和A7(45 cm+85 cm)0.42%,差异不显著。不同密度下,除淀粉含量随密度增加而增加外,蛋白质、脂肪含量均随密度增加而降低。不同种植方式与密度对籽粒营养品质的影响较小。种植方式和密度改变对玉米叶片的叶面积和叶绿素含量存在显著的影响。在宽窄行种植方式下辅以适宜的较高密度(8.625万株·hm^-2)种植,玉米单株绿色叶面积提高较快,叶面积指数(LAI)明显高于等行距种植产量显著增加的同时对玉米籽粒的营养品质也没有显著影响,因此推荐为黑龙江省中南部玉米高产栽培技术。In order to optimize the cultivation technology of maize in the south of Heilongjiang Province and tap the potential of increasing yield of maize this experiment used the split-plot design crack zone design,with Zhengdan 958 as the experimental material,the main-plot treatments were 8 planting methods,and the sub-plot was five densities.The changes of chlorophyll content,leaf area index and quality under different planting methods were studied.The main results were as follows:compared with A1(CK),the chlorophyll content of A8(55 cm+75 cm)was increased by 4.34%.With the increase of the density,the content of chlorophyll was decreased.No significant difference between B1(52500 plants·hm^-2)and B2(63750 plants·hm^-2),but the chlorophyll content of B1(52500 plants·hm^-2)and B2(63750 plants·hm^-2)were significantly higher than other treatments.Compared with A1(CK),the leaf area of A8(55 cm+75 cm)and A7(45 cm+85 cm)were increased by 6.23%and 4.16%at bugle stage,2.95%and 2.17%at silking stage,2.84%and 1.13%at milk stage.In different densities,the leaf area of B3(75000 plants·hm^-2)and B4(86250 plants·hm^-2)were significantly increased than other treatments.Compared with A1(CK),the content of protein,fat and starch were increased by 1.14%,2.27%and 0.42%at A6(85 cm),A4(65 cm)and A7(45 cm+85 cm)respectively,the difference was not significant.The content of starch increaseed with the increase of density amd the content of protein and fat decreased with the increase of density.The effect of different planting methods and density on the nutritional quality of grains was not obvious.Planting patterns and density changes have a significant effect on leaf area and chlorophyll content of maize leaves.In the wide and narrow row planting mode,supplemented with suitable high density(86250 plants·hm^-2),the green leaf area of maize plants increased rapidly,and the leaf area index(LAI)was significantly higher than that of the row spacing planting.At the same time,it has no significant effect on the nutritional quality of maize

关 键 词：玉米 种植方式 密度 品质 

分 类 号：S51[农业科学—作物学]